University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

First-year medical student perceptions of urologic and robotic surgery following pilot hands-on robotic workshops

To explore first-year medical students’ perceptions of urology and robotic surgery following participation in hands-on robotic surgery workshops. Urology Interest Group hosted three separate workshops for first-year medical students, and surveys were administered retrospectively....

Efficacy of student developed and led high value care education in preclinical medical students

The Institute of Medicine estimates that, on average, about one third of all healthcare waste is attributed to unnecessary services. High value care (HVC) is a proposed solution to this problem but is currently underrepresented in preclinical undergraduate medical education (UME)...

Hypertension in Young Adults in Nigeria: A Review of Prevalence and Emerging Trends

Abstract Background Hypertension is increasingly being observed among young adults in low- and medium-income countries, including Nigeria. Although national estimates show a rising burden over the last three decades, the extent to which these trends affect younger populations rem...

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Importance Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects nearly 1 billion adults worldwide and is independently associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke, and increased mortality. While continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the criterion standard treatment, adherence ra...

Functionally active lymphoid aggregates correlate with improved prognosis in brain metastases

Abstract B cells and their cellular neighborhoods, i.e., lymphoid aggregates (LAs) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), have not been extensively studied in melanoma brain metastases (BM) or lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) BM, despite their prognostic value and role in immunotherap...

Anatomical white matter tracts span the cortical hierarchy to support cognitive diversity

Long-range white matter (WM) tracts support cognition by enabling communication between distant cortical regions, which are organized along a hierarchy defined by the sensorimotor-to-association (S-A) axis. However, it remains unknown how WM tracts are positioned within the corti...

A uniform sub-three-fifths bound for exceptional abc triples

GPT 5.6 Sol discovered the result and proof presented in this paper. We establish a new uniform upper bound for the number of exceptional abc triples throughout the full subcritical range. The proof combines an anatomic decomposition with Fourier analysis, geometry-of-numbers est...

Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Allergic Diseases: A Nationwide Study of 1.5 Million Adolescents

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests an increased prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among individuals with allergic diseases, and several biological mechanisms have been proposed. This study aims to investigate the association between IBS and allergic diseases in a lar...

MUTYH Activity Maintains Telomere Stability in Response to Chronic Telomeric 8-Oxoguanine Damage in Cancer Cells

Telomeres are highly susceptible to oxidative DNA damage, particularly 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which is processed by glycosylase-initiated base excision repair (BER). OGG1 removes 8-oxoG opposite C, and MUTYH removes A misinserted opposite 8-oxoG to prevent mutations. While OGG1 h...

Diagnosis and management of acute hyperkalaemia

Abstract Hyperkalaemia is a common and potentially life threatening electrolyte abnormality because of its association with malignant cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest. This condition is frequently encountered across acute and chronic care settings and disproportionat...

Novel Use of Penile Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Patients With Adult Acquired Buried Penis

Adult acquired buried penis (AABP) disease is a risk factor for penile cancer. For a subset of patients, the severity of their disease precludes complete physical examination of the penile shaft due to the inability to exhume the penis. Thus, providers are unable to identify peni...

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic sub-study of trans-arterial vs. intravenous gemcitabine in the TIGeR-PaC phase 3 clinical trial

Abstract Purpose Localized intra-arterial delivery of gemcitabine (IAG) may provide advantages in terms of increased tissue concentration and decreased systemic dosing. We hypothesized IAG may result in decreased systemic gemcitabine concentration and associated side effects due...

The hematology workforce in the United States: past, present, and strategies for the future

From 2017-2021, the American Society of Hematology (ASH) completed the largest study ever conducted of the hematology workforce in the United States (US). The study highlighted a deficit in the classical hematology (CH) workforce: despite very high CH clinical volumes encountered...

Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer

This retrospective study uses data from the National Cancer Database to examine patterns and temporal trends in use of focal therapy for prostate cancer in US cancer centers; characterize inappropriate use in low-, high-, or very–high-risk disease; and describe intermediate-risk...

Discontinuous Peripheral Punctate Echogenic Foci in Thyroid Nodules: A New Sonographic Pattern Suggestive of Papillary Carcinoma

Background: Ultrasound risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules worldwide describe different types of echogenic foci, including punctate echogenic foci (microcalcifications), coarse internal calcifications, and peripheral (rim) calcifications (complete or incomplete), with...

Rural-Urban Disparities in Contemporary Systemic Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer

This cross-sectional study examines the associations of rural-urban residence and race with receipt of systemic therapy for advanced prostate cancer.

A dependency map enhanced with next-generation 3D cancer models

Despite advances in precision oncology, effective personalized treatments are still lacking for most patients with cancer1. The Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap) accelerates this field by systematically identifying cancer vulnerabilities in diverse preclinical models. Data from over...

Aldose reductase as a regulator of ocular pathology: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Aldose reductase (AR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, converts glucose to sorbitol using NADPH and becomes markedly overactive under hyperglycemic conditions. Its widespread expression in ocular tissues links AR to numerous eye disorders through sorbitol accumula...

Clinical Meaningfulness and Improvement Thresholds of Myositis Core Set Measures: Association with Patient-Reported Outcomes

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the clinical meaningfulness and improvement thresholds of the myositis core set measures (CSMs) of disease activity in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), emphasizing associations with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Methods...