University of Petroleum and Energy Studies

Does Internal Carbon Pricing Enhance Productivity? Evidence From US Firms

ABSTRACT Internal carbon pricing (ICP) is increasingly integrated into corporate climate strategy, yet evidence on whether it improves operational performance remains limited. Drawing on dynamic capabilities theory (DCT), this study investigates whether ICP disclosure is associat...

A Review on Image Steganography Techniques: Evolution from Classical to Adaptive Methods

Image steganography is an information-hiding technique, aiming to achieve confidentiality and data privacy while transmitting the data in a digital environment. Over the last two decades, steganography has evolved from classical spatial domain embedding to intelligent and adaptiv...