University of Kaiserslautern

The youth sport specialization paradox: A think tank consensus to translate research into actionable evidence-based practice

Scientific evidence shows that early sport specialization is neither necessary nor beneficial for achieving elite performance and may harm athletes’ long-term success, health, and well-being. Yet, accelerated youth sport practices remain widespread, creating what we term the yout...

Power-law scaling of mitotic spindles with genome sizes across eukaryotes is driven by chromosome crowding

Abstract Genome size varies more than 10,000-fold across eukaryotes, yet how the mitotic spindle adapts to this range remains unknown. Here we show that metaphase plate width scales with genome size following a power law with an exponent of ~1/3 across eukaryotes. Comparative ana...

Visualising Physcomitrium patens protoplasts with full‐rotation soft X‐ray tomography

Abstract Soft X‐ray tomography (SXT) is a label‐free, high‐resolution imaging modality that is optimal for 3D visualisation of whole hydrated cells. Although SXT has been extensively used to study remodelling in more than 130 mammalian cell lines, its application to plants remain...

CFD investigation of turbulent dissipation rates in peripheral pumps for micromixing

Peripheral pumps are promising micromixing devices due to their intricate internal flow structures and elevated turbulent dissipation rates. This study presents a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of turbulent dissipation in a peripheral pump, employing transie...

Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) at the nexus of genome integrity maintenance, proteostasis regulation and organellar homeostasis

Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1 or p62) is a multi-domain protein that functions as a scaffold for aggregating proteins into cytoplasmic inclusions and mediating their turnover via selective autophagy. However, p62 is more than an autophagy scaffold or adaptor protein; it's linked with en...

Interaction Regimes and Deposition Mechanisms of Ceramic Particles on Porous Substrates During Cold Spraying

Refractory materials used in thermal reactors are susceptible to degradation because aggressive media penetrate their porous microstructure, while thermo-mechanical loading accelerates material damage. Cold-sprayed ceramic coatings represent a promising approach for surface prote...

Macromechanical-based fracture assessment supported with acoustic emission of a layered structure with an organic-inorganic sol-gel thin layer

Thin-layer coatings are widely used in industry to enhance structural performance and prevent corrosion-induced degradation. Fracture performance is one of the key aspects investigated to improve interface durability. Nowadays, parameters such as the energy release rate (G) and s...

Fatigue Inspection of Carbon Steel Due to Extrusions and Intrusions Using an Angle-Resolved Scattered Light Sensor

An angle-resolved scattered light sensor is a non-contact surface inspection technique that is robust and has a high resolution for roughness measurement at approximately 1 nm. Typically, during the early stage of cyclic loading in metals, persistent slip bands (PSBs) emerge on t...

Psychotherapy remission prediction models show limited cross-clinic generalizability in routine outpatient care

Abstract Clinical prediction models for psychotherapy outcomes have the potential to assist therapists in planning a patient’s individual treatment, but their clinical utility depends on maintaining predictive performance across settings. We assessed prediction of post-treatment...

Construction and Validation of the HEXACO-MFC in German and English Samples

The HEXACO-60 is a popular rating-scale questionnaire for the assessment of the HEXACO personality traits: honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness versus anger, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Given the disadvantages of the rating scale format,...

Nanoscale Dipolar Fields in Artificial Spin Ice Probed by Scanning NV Magnetometry

Abstract We investigate dipolar coupling fields in two square-lattice artificial spin ice (ASI) systems with different lattice constants using scanning probe microscopy based on a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. This technique offers nanoscale spatial resolution,...

Combining Formal Reasoning and LLMs for Scenario-Based Educational STEM Exercises

Abstract Large language models (LLMs) enable scalable generation of educational exercises for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) but often produce mathematically invalid or physically inconsistent problems, while manual authoring remains accurate but hard to...

Climate-responsive robotic brickwork for monolithic building envelopes

Abstract This research aims to reconcile geometric complexity and environmental performance in robotic bricklaying by proposing an integrated design-to-fabrication methodology for site-specific, monolithic building envelopes. As a sustainable alternative to contemporary multi-lay...

Measurements of Diffusion Coefficients of CO2 in 1-Butanol with a New Laminar Jet Apparatus and PFG-NMR, Pointing to Interfacial Mass Transfer Effects

Abstract A novel laminar jet apparatus (LJA) was constructed for precise gas–liquid mass transfer measurements up to 12 bar, significantly extending the technique’s operating window. It was applied to carbon dioxide +1-butanol between 283 and 333 K. Corresponding measurements wer...

Anticipating the hospital of the future: stakeholder perspectives on 6G technology requirements in health care

PURPOSE: The ongoing 6G standardization process is largely driven by technical advancements, but with limited consideration of sector-specific needs, particularly in health care. The current scientific literature primarily focuses on technical aspects, offering minimal empirical...

Biofilm Source Shapes the Tolerance to Short‐Term Ciprofloxacin Exposure

ABSTRACT Periphytic biofilms are key mediators of freshwater ecosystem processes but are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic stressors. We compared biofilms sampled upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, two source communities presumed to diffe...

Amortized inverse kinematics via graph attention for real-time human avatar animation

Inverse kinematics (IK) is a core operation in animation, robotics, and biomechanics: given Cartesian constraints, recover joint rotations under a known kinematic tree. In many real-time human avatar pipelines, the available signal per frame is a sparse set of tracked 3D joint po...

Feed rate modulation for filling macroscopic surface pores in directed energy deposition: an experimental evaluation using boreholes as representative geometries

Abstract Investigating new opportunities in additive manufacturing (AM) with porous substrate materials aims to create multifunctional parts. For instance, a porous core can reduce the weight of a part or enhance its damping properties. Meanwhile, the tracks created by laser-base...

Discrete adjoint gradient computation for multiclass traffic flow models on road networks

Abstract This paper applies a discrete adjoint gradient computation method for a multi-class traffic flow model on road networks. Vehicle classes are characterized by their specific velocity functions, which depend on the total traffic density, resulting in a coupled hyperbolic s...

The Rieske type [2Fe-2 S] cluster of a cytosolic oxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus

Abstract A cytosolic oxygenase enzyme from the mold creating Aspergillus fumigatus has been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Mössbauer spectroscopy at 77 K of a 57 Fe-enriched protein (abbreviated as Afox) yields two components with equal relative areas. Component 1 ha...