University of Duisburg-Essen

Analysis of the Topology of a Plasmonic Target-Skyrmion Texture

Abstract Topological concepts are frequently used to describe structured optical fields, including plasmonic near fields. Topological descriptions in terms of skyrmion numbers implicitly assume the compactness of the underlying manifold. While this concept works for constrained f...

Atmosphere-Driven Phase Engineering in MoO x : From α-MoO3 Microbelts to MoO2 Revealed by Atomic-Scale Hyperfine Probes

Abstract This work reports a comprehensive investigation of the structural, morphological, and local-scale evolution of molybdenum oxides (MoOx) derived from a chelated precursor obtained via thermal decomposition of molybdenum(II) acetate. By systematically controlling annealing...

Finite Element Error Analysis for Elliptic Parameter Identification with Power-Type Nonlinearity

Abstract. This paper studies the numerical analysis of a parameter identification problem governed by elliptic equations with power-type nonlinearity. We propose a numerical reconstruction via a suitable least-squares minimization problem based on piecewise linear finite elements...

Sustainable Routes Toward Amino Acid‐Based Surfactants: Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis and Beyond

Amino acid‐based surfactants combine renewable head groups with tunable amphiphilic functional groups and are therefore attractive candidates for the development of more sustainable surfactants. However, bio‐based building blocks alone cannot guarantee sustainability. Moreover, i...

Democracy’s challengers: need for chaos and desire for greatness in German political culture

Liberal democracy has been under pressure from the success of populist radical right parties, high levels of affective polarization, and an increasing number of citizens who feel left behind by established political elites. In this novel survey study from Germany in 2023, we exam...

Opioid use, disability, and patient‐reported cognitive impairment in migraine: Multi‐country results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes—International Study

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the population who do and do not use opioids to treat migraine in the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes-International (CaMEO-I) Study. BACKGROUND: Opioids are not recommended for migraine treatment because of efficacy and safety limitations. ME...

Shaping power and strategic security framing: China’s Global Security Initiative in Africa, the development–security nexus, and the case of Ethiopia

This article examines widely overlooked shifts in China’s interactions with African states resulting from the all-encompassing securitization of politics under Xi Jinping. It argues that Beijing seeks to increase China’s discursive and shaping power capacities through strategic s...

Sub-nanosecond structural dynamics of the martensitic transformation in Ni-Mn-Ga

Abstract Martensitic transformations drive many emerging applications, ranging from actuation and mechanocaloric refrigeration to thermoelastic energy harvesting. All these applications benefit from faster transformations. However, systematic investigations of the fast dynamics a...

Land use intensification results in abrupt transitions between extensively and intensively managed grasslands

Abstract Understanding whether land use intensification causes regime shifts (i.e. persistent, large changes in ecosystem states) is of key importance for management, particularly if these shifts occur abruptly as thresholds in land use intensity are crossed. Further, these thres...

Outcomes of front-line tagraxofusp in patients with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) in a real-world scenario

Abstract Tagraxofusp (TAG), a CD123-directed protein-drug conjugate, is approved in front-line and relapsed/refractory blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). Multicenter real-world outcomes and the contribution of up-front consolidation post-TAG remain less defined...

Beyond Scalar Objectives: Expert-Feedback-Driven Autonomous Experimentation for Scientific Discovery at the Nanoscale

Abstract Self-driving laboratories or autonomous experimentation are emerging as transformative platforms for accelerating scientific discovery. Bayesian optimization (BO) is among the most widely used machine learning frameworks in self-driving laboratories, but these BO-based f...

Using multi-trait polygenic scores to predict lithium responsiveness in patients with bipolar disorder

Background The predictive power of polygenic scores (PGSs) for lithium treatment response in bipolar disorder remains limited. Aims To enhance the prediction of lithium responsiveness by developing a multi-trait PGS (mt-PGS) combining genetic information from multiple phenotypes...

Adoption of, attitudes towards, and perceived challenges of digital health in hospice and palliative care among professionals in Germany: a national cross-sectional web-based survey

Abstract Background Digital health technologies may support communication, symptom management, continuity of care, and access to services in hospice and palliative care. National data on their adoption, on professionals’ attitudes, and on perceived barriers are scarce. We examine...

Towards a Pseudo-Labeling Workflow for Celltype-Classification from Explanted Brain Slice Recordings

Abstract This paper proposes an unsupervised workflow to pseudo-label extracellular spikes from human brain slice MEA recordings into two putative cell types: pyramidal cells and interneurons. Here, the raw data from the data acquisition system is used and processed. The pipeline...

Barrier immune memory is programmed by intestinal epithelial cell presentation of cytosol-delivered bacterial antigens

Intestinal epithelial cells can present antigen to CD4 T cells. Here the authors show that epithelial cells must present translocated bacterial antigen for local CD4 resident memory T cells to be established.

Prediction-Based Adaptive Designs for Reducing Wave Nonresponse Rates and Bias in Panel Surveys

Machine learning (ML)-based nonresponse prediction in panel surveys enables selective interventions. However, the optimal use of ML predictions in Adaptive Survey Design (ASD) remains uncertain. We propose a method that integrates field experiment results on incentives, questionn...

The global cost of schizophrenia: a health economic modelling study

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that leads to substantial disability, impaired quality of life, and reduced life expectancy. In addition to its profound impact on affected individuals, the disorder places a considerable financial burden on heal...

Laser‐Generated CuPdAgPtAu High‐Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles—Thermal Segregation Threshold and Elemental Segregation

ABSTRACT In this study, noble metal HEA NPs (CuPdAgPtAu) are produced from equimolar and Cu‐ or Ag‐enriched bulk targets via laser ablation in liquids, with structural and compositional analyses by advanced electron microscopy and XRD, complemented by atomistic simulations. Equim...

Comorbidities in individuals with intellectual disabilities with and without hearing loss: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Both intellectual disability (ID) and hearing loss (HL) are associated with a high prevalence of certain comorbidities. However, a combined analysis and overview classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11), is l...

Interferome profiling in the blood links IFNα5-Mucin-1 axis to HIV-1 pathogenesis

ABSTRACT Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are essential for antiviral immunity, but contribute to immune dysfunction during chronic HIV-1 infection. IFN-Is comprise multiple IFNα subtypes that signal through a common receptor yet exhibit distinct biological activities, but their quali...