University of Duisburg-Essen

Sustainable Routes Toward Amino Acid‐Based Surfactants: Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis and Beyond

Amino acid‐based surfactants combine renewable head groups with tunable amphiphilic functional groups and are therefore attractive candidates for the development of more sustainable surfactants. However, bio‐based building blocks alone cannot guarantee sustainability. Moreover, i...

Democracy’s challengers: need for chaos and desire for greatness in German political culture

Liberal democracy has been under pressure from the success of populist radical right parties, high levels of affective polarization, and an increasing number of citizens who feel left behind by established political elites. In this novel survey study from Germany in 2023, we exam...

Opioid use, disability, and patient‐reported cognitive impairment in migraine: Multi‐country results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes—International Study

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the population who do and do not use opioids to treat migraine in the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes-International (CaMEO-I) Study. BACKGROUND: Opioids are not recommended for migraine treatment because of efficacy and safety limitations. ME...

Shaping power and strategic security framing: China’s Global Security Initiative in Africa, the development–security nexus, and the case of Ethiopia

This article examines widely overlooked shifts in China’s interactions with African states resulting from the all-encompassing securitization of politics under Xi Jinping. It argues that Beijing seeks to increase China’s discursive and shaping power capacities through strategic s...

Sub-nanosecond structural dynamics of the martensitic transformation in Ni-Mn-Ga

Abstract Martensitic transformations drive many emerging applications, ranging from actuation and mechanocaloric refrigeration to thermoelastic energy harvesting. All these applications benefit from faster transformations. However, systematic investigations of the fast dynamics a...

Land use intensification results in abrupt transitions between extensively and intensively managed grasslands

Abstract Understanding whether land use intensification causes regime shifts (i.e. persistent, large changes in ecosystem states) is of key importance for management, particularly if these shifts occur abruptly as thresholds in land use intensity are crossed. Further, these thres...

Beyond Scalar Objectives: Expert-Feedback-Driven Autonomous Experimentation for Scientific Discovery at the Nanoscale

Abstract Self-driving laboratories or autonomous experimentation are emerging as transformative platforms for accelerating scientific discovery. Bayesian optimization (BO) is among the most widely used machine learning frameworks in self-driving laboratories, but these BO-based f...

Outcomes of front-line tagraxofusp in patients with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) in a real-world scenario

Abstract Tagraxofusp (TAG), a CD123-directed protein-drug conjugate, is approved in front-line and relapsed/refractory blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). Multicenter real-world outcomes and the contribution of up-front consolidation post-TAG remain less defined...

Using multi-trait polygenic scores to predict lithium responsiveness in patients with bipolar disorder

Background The predictive power of polygenic scores (PGSs) for lithium treatment response in bipolar disorder remains limited. Aims To enhance the prediction of lithium responsiveness by developing a multi-trait PGS (mt-PGS) combining genetic information from multiple phenotypes...

Adoption of, attitudes towards, and perceived challenges of digital health in hospice and palliative care among professionals in Germany: a national cross-sectional web-based survey

Abstract Background Digital health technologies may support communication, symptom management, continuity of care, and access to services in hospice and palliative care. National data on their adoption, on professionals’ attitudes, and on perceived barriers are scarce. We examine...

Towards a Pseudo-Labeling Workflow for Celltype-Classification from Explanted Brain Slice Recordings

Abstract This paper proposes an unsupervised workflow to pseudo-label extracellular spikes from human brain slice MEA recordings into two putative cell types: pyramidal cells and interneurons. Here, the raw data from the data acquisition system is used and processed. The pipeline...

Barrier immune memory is programmed by intestinal epithelial cell presentation of cytosol-delivered bacterial antigens

Intestinal epithelial cells can present antigen to CD4 T cells. Here the authors show that epithelial cells must present translocated bacterial antigen for local CD4 resident memory T cells to be established.

The global cost of schizophrenia: a health economic modelling study

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that leads to substantial disability, impaired quality of life, and reduced life expectancy. In addition to its profound impact on affected individuals, the disorder places a considerable financial burden on heal...

Prediction-Based Adaptive Designs for Reducing Wave Nonresponse Rates and Bias in Panel Surveys

Machine learning (ML)-based nonresponse prediction in panel surveys enables selective interventions. However, the optimal use of ML predictions in Adaptive Survey Design (ASD) remains uncertain. We propose a method that integrates field experiment results on incentives, questionn...

Laser‐Generated CuPdAgPtAu High‐Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles—Thermal Segregation Threshold and Elemental Segregation

ABSTRACT In this study, noble metal HEA NPs (CuPdAgPtAu) are produced from equimolar and Cu‐ or Ag‐enriched bulk targets via laser ablation in liquids, with structural and compositional analyses by advanced electron microscopy and XRD, complemented by atomistic simulations. Equim...

Comorbidities in individuals with intellectual disabilities with and without hearing loss: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Both intellectual disability (ID) and hearing loss (HL) are associated with a high prevalence of certain comorbidities. However, a combined analysis and overview classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11), is l...

Interferome profiling in the blood links IFNα5-Mucin-1 axis to HIV-1 pathogenesis

ABSTRACT Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are essential for antiviral immunity, but contribute to immune dysfunction during chronic HIV-1 infection. IFN-Is comprise multiple IFNα subtypes that signal through a common receptor yet exhibit distinct biological activities, but their quali...

Hydrogen-Enhanced Cavitation Erosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel

It has been established that hydrogen diffusion can significantly influence the mechanical response of metallic materials under various loading conditions. This phenomenon is particularly evident in reducing the ability for macroscopic plastic deformation. The formation and colla...

Exploring work stressors and resources and their perceived effects on symptoms and work ability in employees with multiple sclerosis: a qualitative study

Abstract Background Adverse working conditions can lead to reduced working hours, career changes, or early exit from the workforce among employees with multiple sclerosis. The aim of the present study was to explore work-related stressors and resources, as well as their effects o...

Multimodal imaging reveals no evidence for magnetite-based magnetoreceptors in the mole-rat eye

Magnetoreception is widespread across animals, but its sensory mechanism remains unresolved. One leading hypothesis proposes that single-domain magnetite is coupled to mechanosensitive ion channels. In subterranean Ansell's mole-rats, such receptors have been proposed to reside i...