Tokyo Medical University

Enhanced detection of bladder cancer using machine learning analysis of routine urinary sediment data

OBJECTIVES: hybridization (FISH), and tumor markers like nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22), have limited sensitivity and specificity. This study assessed the potential of low-cost, non-invasive urine sediment data for BC detection using a machine learning model. METHODS: Urine se...

An Anti‐Amyloidogenic Approach to Specifically Block Memory Consolidation in Mice for Therapeutic Intervention

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder triggered by exposure to a traumatic event, which manifests with anguish, intrusive memories, and negative mood changes. So far, there is no efficient treatment for PTSD other than symptomatic palliative care. Howe...

Validation of the International Working Group 2023 response criteria for higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms using the International Consortium for Myelodysplastic Syndromes VALIDATE database and a randomized phase III trial

Response assessment criteria in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (HR-MDS) have been updated in the 2023 International Working Group (IWG) criteria. However, validation of these criteria has been limited to date. We analyzed overall survival (OS) by be...

Survival Results by the Prospectively Determined Clinical Staging for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Follow‐Up Study of JCOG1302A

ABSTRACT Background Long‐term overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer stratified by the prospectively determined clinical stage remains unclear. Methods This is an ancillary study of JCOG1302A, a prospective observational study that evaluated the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of...

A novel machine-learning model using nuclear features to predict upper tract urothelial carcinoma recurrence

Abstract Upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is rare, constitutes < 5% of urothelial cancers, and, given its insidious clinical presentation, is typically diagnosed at advanced stages; post-radical nephroureterectomy recurrence remains challenging. Postoperative management is...

Spatial Proteomics as a Potential Decision‐Support Layer for Early Melanoma: A Narrative Review

Distinguishing early melanoma from borderline, atypical, or biologically intermediate melanocytic lesions remains one of the most consequential and urgent diagnostic challenges in dermato-oncology, since melanoma causes nearly 95% of skin cancer deaths. This narrative review esta...

On the Conservativeness of Robust Variance Estimators in Propensity Score Weighted Cox Models

In propensity score weighted analysis, robust variance that does not account for weight estimation (hereafter, uncorrected variance) is commonly used. In propensity score weighted Cox models (CoxPSW), the uncorrected variance is known to be conservative when weights for the avera...

Adverse event risks and prognostic factors associated with endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery for superficial head and neck cancer after chemoradiotherapy

Abstract Background Endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery (ELPS) is an organ-preserving treatment for superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (sHNSCC). While ELPS shows favorable outcomes in primary and metachronous lesions, its role as salvage treatment following chemor...

Observation of near-infrared fluorescence from within biological specimens using X-ray light-sheet microscopy for deep-tissue imaging

Abstract Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy enables rapid three-dimensional imaging of biological specimens with low phototoxicity and high signal-to-noise ratio, but its imaging depth is limited by optical scattering and absorption in tissue. X-ray light-sheet microscopy, terme...

Factors predicting consultation for obstructive sleep apnea among Japanese male workers in the construction and civil engineering sector: a longitudinal study using annual medical check-up data

Abstract Objectives Research on predictors for consultations regarding obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is limited, with few longitudinal studies examining how changes in disease status and work conditions influence these behaviors. This study tracked Japanese male workers in the co...

A multicenter phase II trial of ramucirumab plus irinotecan for early recurrence of gastric cancer during or after adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel plus S-1 therapy: the RAMIEL trial (OGSG1901)

Abstract Background There is currently no established chemotherapy regimen for early recurrence of pathological stage III gastric cancer (GC) following adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel plus S-1 (DS) after D2 gastrectomy. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ramucir...

Can Chemoradiotherapy Expand Immune Checkpoint Blockade Responsiveness in Mismatch Repair‐Proficient Rectal Cancer?

ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed the treatment of mismatch repair‐deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer but produces no meaningful benefit in advanced mismatch repair‐proficient (pMMR) disease. In the neoadjuvant setting, however, pathological responses have...

Mechanosensitive Stanniocalcin-1 Suppresses Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Attenuates Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is driven by progressive vascular remodeling, particularly smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Current combination vasodilator therapies have markedly improved outcomes; however, prognosis remains poor in subgroups...

Impact of Single‐Cell RNA Reference Selection for the Deconvolution of Breast Cancer Spatial Transcriptomics Datasets

Spot-based spatial transcriptomics (ST) allows for unbiased gene expression analysis within tissue architecture, overcoming the limitations of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) by preserving spatial context. However, the high spatial resolution in ST leads to cellular hetero...

Predictors of renal function decline during platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma

Abstract Background Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). However, treatment selection is often influenced by baseline renal function. Gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GCa) is widely used in patients who are considered...

CASTOR1 regulates humoral immune responses and contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus

Objectives CASTOR1 senses arginine and regulates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a central metabolic signaling molecule. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of CASTOR1 in humoral immune responses. Methods We analyzed human B cell transcriptomes from healthy...

Positive selection of IgG over IgM plasma cells through BCR isotype–specific antigen presentation and signaling

During a primary immune response, B cells can undergo isotype switching from an immunoglobulin M (IgM) B cell receptor (BCR) to an IgG BCR. B cells that have switched to IgG give rise to more bone marrow long-lived plasma cells (PCs) compared with those expressing IgM, but how BC...

Comparison between Janus kinase inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: insight from the National Database of Rheumatic Diseases in Japan (NinJa) registry

Abstract Background: Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are effective for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can be used as monotherapy; however, the clinical benefit of concomitant methotrexate (MTX) and the optimal MTX dose in JAKi-treated patients remain unclear in real-world settings....

Risk of febrile neutropenia in breast cancer chemotherapy despite the prophylactic use of pegfilgrastim: a retrospective analysis

<title>Abstract</title> Background Pegfilgrastim, a long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), is used to prevent febrile neutropenia (FN) in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. However, a small subset of patients still develops FN and requires hospita...

Beraprost Attenuates Starvation‐Induced Apoptosis and Protects Feline Endothelial Cells

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish an in vitro model of feline endothelial cells (FECs) undergoing apoptosis when cultured under various nutrient deprivation (starvation) conditions to investigate the protective effects of beraprost and its stereoisomers on endothelial cel...