The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI

Beamstop-free small-angle X-ray scattering for multiscale structure measurement of high-energy-density plasma

The advent of free-electron lasers has enabled in-situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of laser-produced high-energy-density plasma at solid density, with nanometer- and femtosecond-scale resolution. Such plasmas generally exhibit gentle density gradients, which...

In-flight receiver calibration of the Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) by passive Earth observations

Abstract. Post-launch characterization of the receiver telescope of the laser altimeter is essential for achieving precise georeferenced planetary measurements and for radiometric calibration to passively measure surface reflectance. For the Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) aboard...

Breaking the Blend: A multi-tracer kinematic decomposition method for IFS data applied to disentangling the AGN outflow and circumnuclear ring in NGC 5728 with JWST

Abstract Integral field spectroscopy (IFS) of the central kiloparsecs of active galactic nuclei (AGN) reveals a mixture of spatially coincident emission from star-formation and AGN feedback exciting the interstellar medium. Disentangling these components remains a challenge, as m...

Bony labyrinth taxonomic identification and long-term evolution of livestock in the Southwest and Central Asia

Abstract Southwest and Central Asia were pivotal regions for the domestication and dispersal of domestic herbivores. Here we investigate long-term variation in bony labyrinth morphology of domestic bovids (sheep, goats and cattle) across the last 10 000 years. We focused on the o...

Rapid genome-wide purging following tsunami-induced hybridization in a stickleback population

Speciation is the process by which barriers to gene flow evolve between populations. As speciation approaches completion, genome-wide divergence can be maintained in the face of hybridization. Because real-time observations of genomic changes following hybridization in natural po...

Heterotic strings on Enriques surfaces

A bstract We study orbifold compactifications of heterotic strings on Enriques surfaces. We classify the inequivalent shift vectors for both the E 8 × E 8 and Spin(32)/ ℤ 2 lattices, and analyse the light spectrum of the resulting models. We show that these models can be interpre...

Embryonic and larval development of the Pacific saury Cololabis saira : Distinctive characteristics of a rapidly growing beloniform fish

Abstract Background Pacific saury Cololabis saira is one of the important food resources drawing attention for its recent rapid decline of catch. Their life cycle and embryonic development have been largely unknown. It is important to clarify how the habitat and reproduction of t...

A Spatio‐Temporal Neural Kernel Function Model for Earthquake Clustering: Bridging ETAS and Neural Point Processes

Abstract Modeling earthquake clustering in space and time is central to understanding seismicity patterns and improving forecasting. The Epidemic‐Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model, grounded in the Hawkes process, has long been the standard approach for describing aftershock t...

REAP1/AtSWAP70 integrates RAB5 and ROP signalling during sexual reproduction

Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily are critical regulators of diverse cellular processes. While crosstalk between their signalling pathways has been documented in animals, similar mechanisms remain unexplored in plants, where small GTPases have undergone unique evolutionary div...

Satellite telemetry suggests significant regional variation in post-fledging survival of Adélie penguins

Abstract Post-fledging periods represent one of the most vulnerable stages for juvenile seabirds. Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae must quickly develop foraging skills while minimizing predation risk immediately after fledging. In the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region, where popu...

Microbial communities and ecological functions shift with glacier retreat in the Canadian High Arctic

Abstract Glaciers are rapidly retreating under climate warming, raising concerns about the loss of unique microbial ecosystems in both glacier ice and forelands. However, the changes in microbial diversity, community structure, and functional traits across the glacier ice-forelan...

DeepLabCut-based automated system reveals diverse temperature tolerance among medaka strains and related Oryzias species

Abstract Temperature is a critical environmental factor influencing the physiology and behavior of ectothermic animals, yet conventional methods for evaluating thermal tolerance in fish rely on subjective manual observation of loss of equilibrium (LOE), limiting experimental thro...

Cohesin prevents local mixing of condensed euchromatic domains in living human cells

The human genome is folded into chromatin loops by the cohesin complex, forming functional chromatin domains that underlie transcription and DNA replication/repair. However, how cohesin organizes these domains in living cells, especially in active euchromatin, remains elusive. To...

ABCG transporters are involved in the accumulation of specialized metabolites in the oil bodies of Marchantia polymorpha.

Bioactive specialized metabolites (SMs) are synthesized and sequestered in specific cellular compartments or organelles as a self-defense strategy against their intrinsic toxicity. Liverwort-specific oil bodies accumulate large amounts of SMs and contribute to chemical defense; h...

Bridging Interfacial Water Structure and Reactivity in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution at TiO2 Interfaces

Abstract Understanding how interfacial water governs photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is a central challenge in the development of high-performance photocatalysts for a sustainable society. Although hydrophilic interfaces have long been regarded as favorable due to their strong...

MCM10 and RECQL4 have cooperative and redundant roles in activating the CMG helicase during the replication initiation

Abstract DNA replication initiation requires activation of the CMG helicase to establish the replisome. This process involves the extrusion of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) from the central channel of MCM double hexamers, allowing the two CMG helicases to pass each other; however,...

MIT / TFE family transcription factors, Mitf and Tfec, redundantly promote pigment cell differentiation and retinal epithelium pigmentation in teleosts

BACKGROUND: Transcription factors of the MIT/TFE family-mitfa, mitfb, and tfec-play essential roles in specifying pigment cells derived from neural crest cells in vertebrates. In teleosts, which possess multiple pigment cell types, these factors exhibit partially redundant but la...

Cohesin acts as a transcriptional gatekeeper by restraining pause–release to promote processive elongation

Abstract Cohesin organizes 3D chromatin architecture, including promoter–enhancer loops, yet its loss has surprisingly modest effects on steady-state gene expression. We address this paradox by demonstrating that cohesin acts at different stages of transcription. First, it promot...

Negative-Muon Depth Profiling Reveals Near-Surface Gold Enrichment in Historical Shachihoko Scales from Nagoya Castle

Surviving fish-scale plates from the golden shachihoko (Kin-shachi) ornaments of Nagoya Castle are rare historical gold–silver (Au–Ag) materials. Recent X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and color measurements indicated a discrepancy between the bulk Au concentration and the visi...

The emergence of (3+1)-dimensional expanding spacetime from complex Langevin simulations of the Lorentzian type IIB matrix model with deformations

Abstract The Lorentzian type IIB matrix model is a promising candidate for a nonperturbative formulation of superstring theory. In this model, the eigenvalue distribution of the N × N bosonic matrices Aμ (μ = 0, …, 9) represents an emergent spacetime, which is determined by the d...