Technische Universität Darmstadt

Precise Nanoscale Mapping of Electric Fields Across Random Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Oxides Using Precession‐Assisted 4D‐STEM

ABSTRACT Space charge layers (SCLs) at grain boundaries play a crucial role in modulating electric fields and thereby influence functional properties of materials. However, experimental analysis of these localized electric fields and the corresponding charge distribution remains...

Discovering how ice crystals grow using neural ODEs and symbolic regression

Depositional ice growth strongly influences the evolution and lifetime of ice-containing clouds on Earth and Mars, yet its physics remain uncertain because the earliest stages of ice-crystal growth cannot be directly observed and are sparsely sampled in laboratory settings. Here,...

Lifetime reassessment of offshore wind turbines considering different operating conditions using Kriging meta-models

To extend the lifetime of an offshore wind turbine, a lifetime reassessment is required to determine the potential remaining lifetime. This means that the lifetime is recalculated using the combinations of environmental parameters (wind and wave effects) that have actually occurr...

Requirements for numeric models as sources of synthetic data for predicting real-world data sets in progressive deep drawing processes

Abstract In the field of forming technology, synthetic data generated by finite element (FE) simulations is increasingly being used to train machine learning (ML) models for part quality prediction. However, the predictive accuracy on real-world process data is often limited by t...

Conditional deep generative modeling of blood-based infrared spectra enables controlled in-silico phenotyping studies

Abstract Infrared molecular fingerprinting of blood offers a scalable, minimally invasive window into human physiology, but limited follow-up, imbalanced cohorts, and restricted access to diverse phenotypes constrain systematic studies. Here, we introduce a conditional deep gener...

Local activation of porosity in fused filament fabrication by in-nozzle physical foaming with supercritical CO2

Abstract Material extrusion of thermoplastics (fused filament fabrication, FFF) commonly deposits solid strands. Foams combine low density with functions such as damping and thermal insulation, making cellular strands a desirable extension of FFF. We demonstrate dissolution-assis...

Reorientation dynamics of water and ice in partially crystalline gelatin–water mixtures

We combine 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) to investigate reorientation dynamics of water and ice in partially crystalline 30 and 45 wt. % gelatin-water mixtures. For water, NMR and BDS correlation times agree and follow an Arrheni...

Real-space spin-orbit interaction from quarter-wave plate nonuniformity

Abstract Spin–orbit interactions couple light polarization to its transverse structure. Although widely studied at interfaces, in tilted anisotropic plates, and under tight focusing, their role in paraxial confocal systems remains unclear. We show that a commercial quarter-wave p...

AIDspat: Introduction of a model framework to estimate spatio-temporal agricultural irrigation demands – A study area in Germany

In the face of ongoing climate change, information about agricultural water usage is crucial for policymakers and planners. This study introduces the AIDspat model, a new framework for estimating agricultural irrigation demand (AID). The model combines an existing soil water bala...

The German Local Manifesto Project (GLMP): A new data source for studying local party politics

Local politics remains comparatively understudied in political science, partly due to limited data on party competition at the municipal level. This research note introduces the German Local Manifesto Project (GLMP), a new dataset of German local election manifestos that expands...

Vortex dynamics during pinch-off of micro-droplets

Micro-droplets are extensively used in chemical, biological and medical research, primarily for conducting various tests on samples, including living organisms, using a microfluidic framework. Recent studies have shown that the physiology of bacteria can be significantly altered...

Integrated co-simulation of PEM fuel cell systems for automotive applications: modeling, coupling, and system behavior

Abstract Detailed stack models and dynamic balance-of-plant (BoP) models each capture important aspects of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems but are limited when applied independently. While detailed stack models are computationally demanding for system-level inves...

Complexity promotes stability in mutualistic networks through weaker mutualistic dependencies: Insights from Generalized Modelling

Abstract Mutualistic networks provide essential contributions to long‐term ecosystem functioning and food security, but Anthropocene stressors continue to alter their structure and size. Previous theoretical approaches produce conflicting predictions for how network features infl...

Anarchy versus organization: how the social science of International Relations emerged from controversies over war, evolution, and Darwinism

Abstract In this article, we show how IR’s central debate about international anarchy emerged from controversies over war, evolution and Darwinism that took place around 1900. It was a chiefly European debate between apologists of war – polemically called ‘Social Darwinists’ – an...

Identification of a nanosecond isomer of $$^{164}$$Tb

Abstract This letter reports on the identification of a new isomeric state of $$^{164}$$ 164 Tb ( $$Z=65$$ Z = 65 , $$N=99$$ N = 99 ), which was measured with the DESPEC setup at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH following the first relativistic fragmentation...

Static friction-coefficient increase in chelating-agent-treated granite saw-cut fractures associated with selective mineral dissolution and void formation

Induced seismicity remains a critical challenge for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), motivating stimulation strategies that enhance permeability while maintaining fracture stability. Chemical stimulation has been widely studied as a complement to hydraulic stimulation, yet its...

Antibody framework engineering enables augmented cytokine receptor signaling capacities of bispecific single domain antibody-based IL-21 mimetics

In this work, we developed bispecific antibody (bsAb)-derived surrogate agonists which mimic the function of IL-21 by targeting the IL-21 receptor composed of IL-21 R (CD360) and IL-2 Rγ (CD132). For this, antigen-specific VHHs (variable domains of the heavy chain of heavy-chain-...

Museum lighting strategies for sculptural non-photosensitive exhibits: the role of bottom illumination and optimal CCT

Lighting design is a key component of indoor museum environments, influencing both object visibility and viewers’ visual experience. However, existing studies have mainly focused on planar artworks or general interior lighting, while three-dimensional, non-photosensitive ceramic...

Spectrally Programmable Spin‐Polarized Photocurrents in WSe 2 –NiPS 3 Magnetic van der Waals Heterostructures

ABSTRACT Efficient generation and control of spin‐polarized currents in semiconductors remain central challenges for spin‐based electronics, particularly due to impedance mismatch and the reliance on magnetic fields or ferromagnetic contacts. Here, we introduce a materials platfo...

Extension of the particle finite element method towards quadrilateral-dominated meshes for large-deformation geotechnical problems

Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) simulations frequently suffer from volumetric locking and remeshing-related inaccuracies when conventional first-order triangular finite elements are employed. In this contribution, a variant of the PFEM relying on quadrilateral-dominated mes...