SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University

Kynurenine Pathway Activation is Associated with Poor Sleep Efficiency in Men With HIV

Background: Sleep disturbances are common in people with HIV, yet the underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Chronic immune activation in HIV can induce the tryptophan-kynurenine (TK) pathway, which both reduces melatonin synthesis and increases production of...

CfDNA methylation profiling in blood following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury using brain cell type–enriched signatures: A pilot study

The human brain consists of diverse cell types that collaboratively perform complex functions and form intricate neuronal networks. When traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs, multiple molecular pathways involving diverse cell types are activated in response to injury. Understandin...

Preresidency Fellowships in Neurosurgery: A Multi-Institutional, Cross-Sectional Survey of Utility and Outcomes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neurosurgery remains one of the most competitive residency specialties in the United States. For applicants, particularly international medical graduates (IMGs), preresidency fellowships (PRFs) have emerged to strengthen applications through research, c...

Postoperative Glycemic Deterioration and Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Does It Matter?

Introduction: The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and the annual incidence of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continue to rise. A substantial proportion of TKA candidates have diabetes mellitus, which is associated with increased perioperative risk. Prior studies have largely foc...

Increasing Utilization, Rising Facility Charges, and Evolving Procedure Mix in Hip Arthroscopy at United States Hospital‐Based Ambulatory Surgical Centers From 2016 to 2022

Purpose To evaluate national trends in hip arthroscopy utilization and procedure mix, assess adjusted total costs by subtype, and examine regional and payer variation in case distribution among hospital‐based ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) from 2016 to 2022. Methods Using the...

Single-nucleus transcriptome-wide association study of human brain disorders

Abstract Common brain disorders impose a substantial health burden, but localizing their genetic risk in the brain remains challenging 1 . Although genome-wide association studies have identified numerous loci associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, many...

Does despair drive increases in white mortality, or did the narrative get ahead of the data?

The aim of this study is to test the central claim of the "deaths of despair" theory: that rising despair among midlife white Americans has driven increases in all-cause mortality, particularly in those with low education. We analyzed time series of annual all-cause mortality rat...

Formulation characteristics, safety, and accessibility of conditioners for textured hair

Textured hair, characterized by curved follicular architecture and increased mechanical fragility, requires tailored conditioning strategies to maintain hair and scalp health. Hair conditioners are widely used among individuals with textured hair; however, systematic evaluation o...

LEVERAGING A NETWORK OF EHR-LINKED BIOBANKS TO INVESTIGATE CLINICAL AND GENETIC RISK FOR PERINATAL DEPRESSION

Perinatal depression (PND) is a depressive illness occurring during pregnancy and up to one year following childbirth. PND affects 10-20% of mothers and can contribute to maternal mortality and morbidity, as well as adverse outcomes in children. Despite increasing interest in ris...

65. HIGHER POLY-METHYLATION SCORE FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER NEGATIVE SYMPTOM SEVERITY AT 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP

Background Negative symptoms are among the most disabling features of psychotic disorders and frequently persist over time. Baseline clinical measures (e.g. symptom severity at illness onset) explain only part of the variability in long-term outcomes, highlighting the need for im...

Management of metastatic spinal disease in low- and middle-income countries: an international survey of practices and challenges in Latin America

Spinal metastases impose urgent diagnostic and therapeutic demands; however, evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Latin America is sparse. We aimed to characterize real-world practices, access gaps, and priorities to in-form context-adapted guidelines. We con...

Evaluating a smartphone intervention to improve HIV prevention and care outcomes: results from the HealthMPowerment national randomized controlled trial

HealthMPowerment (HMP) is a digital intervention designed to improve HIV-related outcomes among young Black and Latinx men who have sex with men (YBLMSM) and transgender women (TW). We conducted a 12-month randomized controlled trial to evaluate HMP’s impact on routine HIV testin...

National Utilization of Navigation and Robotics in Inpatient Spinal Fusion Remains Low but is Increasing, 2016–2022

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives Adoption patterns in spinal fusion remain poorly defined at the national level. This study aimed to evaluate national adoption trends of navigation and robotics in spine fusion from 2016 to 2022. Methods The National Inpatient S...

Reducing Adverse Marijuana Use Among Young Women in a Community Setting: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Marijuana use among older adolescents, particularly African American women, is associated with adverse health outcomes and frequently co-occurs with alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors. Evidence-based interventions targeting alcohol and sexual risk rarely evaluate their impact...

Computer models predict differential dendritic vulnerability with ischemia and spreading depression

Abstract Ischemia, whether abrupt or chronic, limits ATP production and disrupts ATP-dependent homeostatic mechanisms, leading to alterations in both intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations. Inadequate neuronal ATP triggers K + release and increased extracellular K + d...

Magnitude of Survival Benefit Associated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Incorporating Updated Long-Term Evidence From SELECT (Lenvatinib) and COSMIC-311 (Cabozantinib) Trials

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have transformed the management of advanced thyroid carcinoma. However, newer agents and updated long-term evidence from pivotal trials have not been comprehensively synthesized. This systematic review and meta-analysis integrates rec...

A Systematic Review of Empirical Intraverbal Research: 2021–2025

ABSTRACT Skinner's conceptual analysis of verbal behavior has had a notable influence within the field of behavior analysis. Yet empirical verbal behavior research has historically focused on the mand and tact, with relatively less attention directed toward the intraverbal. Encou...

Immunotherapeutic targeting of calreticulin mutant myeloproliferative neoplasms

Abstract Calreticulin (CALR) frameshift mutations drive the majority of JAK2 / MPL -wild-type cases of essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis, producing a shared novel C-terminus that activates the thrombopoietin receptor and leads to constitutive Janus kinase (JAK)/signal t...

Novel Lipoprotein (a) Therapies: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract Purpose of Review Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined, independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic valve stenosis. Plasma Lp(a) levels are 70–90% heritable, largely unresponsive to lifestyle changes, and poorly co...

Traumatic Catheter Removal‐ At‐Risk Populations, Outcomes and Prevention: A Retrospective Medical Record Review

AIMS: Traumatic catheter removal (TCR) occurs when a urinary catheter is removed with the balloon inflated, causing urethral injury. We aim to identify cases of TCR, determine at-risk populations and describe outcomes and interventions. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review...