State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing

LLM4GIS: Methods, Applications, and Prospects

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) offers new avenues for overcoming the limitations of current data-driven GIS analysis methods, giving rise to the emerging field of large language model-driven GIS analysis (LLM4GIS). This study presents a systematic review of...

NeuPlume: generative inversion of atmospheric point-source emissions from sparse observations

Abstract. Inverting point-source emissions from sparse atmospheric observations is difficult because emission rate, release height, wind speed, turbulence, and plume morphology can compensate for one another. We present NeuPlume, a neural-physical probabilistic inversion framewor...

VLM-Mapper: Multimodal vision-language models for prior guided lane-level HD map construction

The automated construction of High-Definition (HD) maps from remote sensing data is essential for modern intelligent transportation systems and spatial data infrastructure. While imagery provides a scalable solution for lane-level HD map construction, traditional discriminative m...

Expert knowledge-guided decision calibration for accurate fine-grained tree species classification

Accurate fine-grained tree species classification is critical for forest inventory and biodiversity monitoring. Existing methods predominantly focus on designing complex architectures to fit local data distributions. However, they often overlook the long-tailed distributions and...

Sketch and paint: A structural–temporal aware refinement network for fine-grained crop mapping on satellite image time series

Crop type mapping based on Satellite Image Time Series (SITS) is a cornerstone of large-scale agricultural monitoring. However, existing methods often struggle in agricultural landscapes characterized by field fragmentation and crop phenological variability, where inter-class bou...

High-resolution land cover mapping from coarse labels via a noisy label learning-guided cross-scale framework

High-resolution remote sensing images (HRSIs) provide essential data support for land cover mapping, where deep learning has shown great promise. However, deep learning-based methods rely on abundant high-quality annotations, while low-resolution coarse labels are difficult to us...

Real-time image absolute orientation framework with Optical-GNSS data fusion for lightweight UAVs

For lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), real-time absolute camera orientation is critical for photogrammetric mapping. However, achieving absolute accuracy under inertial-inaccessible constraints remains challenging due to the scale drift of visual odometry and the non-s...

Advancing conflict research and response through satellite-derived data

Abstract With armed conflicts at a historic high and attacks on civilians rising 1 , understanding the evolving nature of conflict is a critical research priority. The current paradigm in conflict research relies heavily on text-based data, using fatalities as the primary—and oft...

Auditable Knowledge-Graph Screening of Landslides for River Blockage and Dammed-Lake Assessment

Remote-sensing landslide inventories identify mapped slope failures, but follow-up assessment must decide which objects warrant earlier inspection for river blockage, landslide-dammed lake potential, or downstream disaster-chain effects. We address this post-inventory prioritizat...

Detectability of Looting Holes in Very High‐Resolution SAR Images

ABSTRACT Looting of archaeological sites poses a critical threat to cultural heritage, causing irreversible loss of archaeological context and information. Remote sensing has been proven useful in monitoring such damage, but detecting small‐scale looting remains a significant cha...

Nanomaterial engineering for recoil management and daughter-nuclide redistribution in targeted alpha therapy

Recent advances in targeted alpha therapy have highlighted a central but still unresolved nanobiotechnology problem, namely how to control the fate of recoil daughters after alpha decay. After alpha decay, recoil daughters may escape from the carrier and redistribute to non-targe...

Development of a Three‐Layered Fascial Architecture in the Rabbit Carotid Sheath: Histological Findings Consistent With Mechanical Influences

Current understanding of the fascial structures within the human carotid sheath (CS) is largely based on static anatomical descriptions, with limited knowledge of their dynamic developmental process. This study aimed to characterise the developmental progression of the fascial ar...

Immuno-PET imaging of mesothelin in ovarian cancer with 68Ga-XH04: a first-in-human study

Mesothelin is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and represents a promising target for precision imaging and therapy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate ⁶⁸Ga-XH04, a novel mesothelin-targeted immuno-PET tracer for non-invasive imaging of mesothelin expression in preclinical...

Occlusion-Robust Cattle Pose Estimation for Precision Livestock Monitoring Using Hierarchical Locality Refinement

Accurate cattle pose estimation is important for precision livestock farming because body landmarks can provide quantitative visual inputs for potential health monitoring, behavior analysis, lameness assessment, and welfare evaluation. This study focuses on keypoint-localization...

PGMMF-Net: a POI-Guided Multi-modal Mamba Fusion Network for urban impervious surface extraction from optical and SAR imagery

Accurate extraction of urban impervious surfaces (IS) is essential for urban environmental analysis. However, optical-based methods are affected by shadows and spectral confusion, while optical-SAR fusion lacks urban functional semantics. Point-of-interest (POI) data provide comp...

Observation-based analysis of horizontally oriented ice crystals using dual-angle polarization lidar and cloud Doppler radar in Beijing

Abstract. Ice crystal orientation strongly influences cloud radiative properties and remote sensing retrievals, but long-term, high-resolution quantitative observations remain scarce. This study presents comprehensive case studies and statistical analyses of horizontally oriented...

Using earth observation for national high resolution dynamic material stock modelling through time; assessing sand consumption in Malaysia from 1989 to 2020

Abstract Understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of volumes of construction materials is becoming crucial for environmental sustainability and achieving long-term development goals. Whilst direct data collection is always the preferable option it is not always practical. This...