Sphere Institute

Severe thiamine deficiency in Baltic salmon coincides with low wild recruitment, increasingly so at long migration distances

Thiamine deficiency is a condition implicated as a driver of population declines across continents and taxa. In salmonids, symptoms of this deficiency are often observed in compensatory hatcheries, where large parts of the clutches display severe neurological disorders and die. H...

Hysteresis and irreversibility in permafrost physical response to increase and decrease of CO 2 emissions

Abstract. Boreal permafrost over the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes, defined as areas where the ground temperature is below 0 °C for two or more years, stores more than twice as much carbon as the atmosphere. Therefore, thawing of the permafrost, a tipping element, due to glo...