SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

OmniCosmos: Transferring Particle Physics Knowledge Across the Cosmos

Foundation models build an effective representation of data that can be deployed on diverse downstream tasks. Previous research showed that the , a foundation model for collider physics, could significantly advance discovery potential across collider experiments. In this paper, w...

Cosmological Constraints from Full-scale Clustering and Galaxy–Galaxy Lensing with DESI DR1

Abstract We present constraints on cosmic structure growth from the analysis of galaxy clustering and galaxy–galaxy lensing with galaxies from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1. Our analysis includes four samples drawn from the Bright Galaxy Survey (B...

Machine Learning on Heterogeneous, Edge, and Quantum Hardware for Particle Physics

The next generation of particle physics experiments will face an era of challenges in data acquisition, due to unprecedented data rates and volumes along with extreme environments and operational constraints. Harnessing these data for scientific discovery demands real-time infere...

Phosphate Recovery from Arsenic-Laden Groundwater Treatment Sludge

Abstract In this work, we investigated phosphate (P) recovery via calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitation from P-rich solutions produced synthetically and derived from arsenic (As)-laden groundwater treatment sludges. We systematically altered key variables in synthetic experiments...

Ultrafast Dynamics of Competing Dimethyl Disulfide Photodissociation Pathways

Abstract Disulfide photochemistry impacts a wide range of chemical processes from biological UV photodamage to polymer self-healing and green photocatalysis. Despite this, the response of disulfide bonds to deep-UV light remains poorly understood. Dimethyl disulfide serves as a m...

Varying Mechanisms Dominate Formate Formation in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Cu, Au, and Pb: A Constant Potential DFT-Based Microkinetic Analysis

Abstract Electrochemical CO2 reduction offers a route to convert renewable electricity into fuels and chemicals while closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle. However, the technology struggles to surpass the lab scale as it is limited by low selectivity and energy efficiency. Thes...

Nitrate Removal and Geogenic Contaminant Mobilization during Oxic–Anoxic Cycling of Managed Aquifer Recharge Basin Soils

Abstract More frequent and intense precipitation events challenge water capture and recharge. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) diverts excess surface water into aquifers to secure groundwater supplies; when using nonconventional waters such as stormwater, elevated nitrate loads can...

The DESI Y1 RR Lyrae Catalog. I. Empirical Modeling of the Cyclic Variation of Spectroscopic Properties and a Chemodynamical Analysis of the Outer Halo

Abstract We present the catalog of RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) observed in the first year of operations of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. This catalog contains 6240 RRLs out to ∼120 kpc from the Galactic center and over 12,000 individual epochs with homogeneous...

Relight: Simple User-Level Checkpointing and Fast-Forward Replay for Distributed Task-Based Systems

Checkpointing, or periodic saving of program state to storage, is the de facto standard technique used to mitigate risks of nondeterministic bugs, hardware faults, and job wall-time limits in long-running programs. Traditional approaches require users to manually manage the migra...

Nuclear recoil Migdal effect in liquid xenon dark matter experiments

The Migdal effect predicts that a nuclear recoil (NR) can be accompanied by detectable atomic ionization or excitation signals, even at the low energies expected from interactions of sub-GeV dark matter particles with atomic nuclei. Liquid xenon-based dark matter experiments have...

Benchmarking Auto‐Regressive Spatio‐Temporal Predictions of Wildfire Spread From the FireBench Simulation Data Set With a Machine Learning Competition

Abstract As wildfire severity increases, predicting wildfire spread is important for fire and landscape management. However, wildfire spread is a complex phenomenon that is challenging to capture because it depends on many factors, such as wind speed, slope, landscape topography,...

Interfacial Control of Hot-Carrier Extraction and Photostability in Two-Dimensional Materials

Abstract Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are promising materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices, yet their implementation is hindered by limited sample stability and challenges in forming reliable electrical contacts. Here we show that interface morph...

Ultrahigh flow strength in shocked nanopolycrystalline diamond

Extreme pressures and temperatures create conditions that allow even hard and brittle materials to flow plastically. Despite extensive research, the limits of flow strength under such conditions remain uncertain, and the mechanisms driving deformation at the relevant stresses are...

Dynamics of a jointly commensurate moiré charge density wave

Abstract The advent of two-dimensional moiré systems has revolutionized the exploration of phenomena arising from strong correlations and nontrivial band topology. Recently, a moiré superstructure formed by two coexisting charge density waves with slightly mismatched wavevectors...

Superconducting Weak Links at Substrate Steps in Bilayer Nickelate Films

Abstract Ambient-pressure superconductivity above 40 K has been realized in bilayer nickelate thin films on SrLaAlO4 (001), yet resistive measurements often exhibit incomplete zero-resistance states and/or two-step superconducting transitions of unresolved origin. We show that th...

Cosmological Constraints on the Formation and Survival of Small Hydrogen

The paper investigates the possibility of small hydrogen (SH) formation in the early Universe during an interval of about 10–80 s after the Big Bang. Assuming that SH exists as proposed by the author earlier, the current study examines the cosmological conditions under which the...

Pyridinium Cations Act as Charge Reservoirs in Expanded Halide Perovskite Analogs at High Pressure

ABSTRACT Introducing charge reservoirs within semiconductors is a promising strategy for controlled electronic doping. We previously showed that dmpz 2+ ( N , N ’‐dimethylpyrazinium) molecules placed within the cavities of an expanded analog of halide perovskites, (dmpz)[Sn 2 I 6...

Structural dynamics during the three-ion Coulomb explosion of highly charged CS2 in intense soft x-ray pulses

Using intense femtosecond soft x-ray pulses above the sulfur 2p edge produced by the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH), we investigate the multiple ionization and fragmentation dynamics of CS2. We focus on the three-ion fragmentation pathways of CS2 polycations with total ch...

Multi-resolution enhancement for full-spectrum neural representations

Scientific data acquisition continues to outpace storage and analysis capabilities, making voxel-based representations increasingly intractable. Implicit neural representations (INRs) offer a promising solution by encoding signals through coordinate-based neural networks, serving...

An additional water is introduced into the manganese cluster during the formation of the S3 state of photosystem II

During photosynthetic water oxidation, the Mn4Ca cluster in Photosystem II progresses through five intermediate Si (i = 0–4) states. X-ray crystallography studies have reported the insertion of one new O ligand during the formation of the S3 state, but recent studies question the...