Shandong Xiehe University

Where tourism divides: economic prosperity and disparity in the Kalash Valley

Challenging the assumption that religious minorities are uniformly disadvantaged, this study examines how ethnic tourism in Pakistan’s Kalash Valley is associated with internally stratified livelihood opportunities and household living standards. Guided by Van den Berghe’s theory...

Infrastructure-Led Tourism Development and Residents’ Quality of Life: The Mediating Role of Place Image in an Emerging Heritage Destination

While tourism infrastructure is crucial to regional development, its impact on resident well-being is still debated. This study investigates the influence of infrastructure on material and non-material quality of life, utilizing place image as a mediation, and grounded on the Tou...

Associations of self-efficacy and learning engagement with humanistic caring ability among vocational college nursing students: a structural equation modeling study

Previous studies have investigated the associations of humanistic caring ability (HCA) with self-efficacy (SEF), or learning engagement (LN) among college students. There has been a lack of studies that examine the mediation effect of learning engagement between SEF and humanisti...