San Sebastián University

Design of a direct-drive axle-mounted traction motor for boosting high-speed trains

Background High-speed railway traction systems must combine high efficiency and power density within constrained mechanical envelopes. This work presents the design and numerical assessment of a direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for supplementary traction, de...

On integrable structures on non–compact boundaries in three–dimensional gravity

We study three-dimensional Einstein gravity with negative cosmological constant on non-compact spatial boundaries within the Chern-Simons formulation. Using an exact fluid/gravity correspondence, we derive a closed radial flow equation for the quasi-local stress tensor and show t...

A Structured Framework for Translation of the ACNS Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology Into Spanish

Purpose: The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) Critical Care EEG Terminology provides standardized language for describing electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns in critically ill patients but has not been formally translated into Spanish. We aimed to develop a con...

Rod photoreceptors have a dual dependency on both aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS and diverge metabolically from other retinal neurons

The retina metabolizes glucose into lactate, a hallmark of aerobic glycolysis known as the Warburg effect. Although evidence points to rod photoreceptors as the primary source of aerobic glycolysis, a comparison of the energy metabolism in different retinal neurons has yet to be...

Irisin/Integrin αVβ5/AMPK Signaling in Cardiac Fibrosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

Cardiac fibrosis is a major pathological feature of several cardiovascular diseases and is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, leading to ventricular stiffening, impaired cardiac function, and ultimately heart failure. Despite its substantial clinical burd...

Heavier Counterparts for Phosphine-Protected Gold Clusters. Electronic, Bonding, and Optical Properties of Au13Cl2(L5) and Au13(L6) Superatoms

Abstract Ligand-protected clusters with atomically precise structures serve as prototypical models for understanding versatility at the bottom of the nanoscale regime. Here, we set to investigate the impact of ligand identity on the structural, bonding, and optical properties bas...

Platelet-derived mitochondria: from release to therapeutic applications

Abstract Among their diverse functions, platelets enable intercellular communication through the release of their contents, including functional mitochondria. Given their high circulatory abundance, platelets represent a readily accessible source of these organelles. Consequently...

Antibody-based therapies against Andes virus: from neutralization to Fc-mediated protection

Abstract Andes virus, the principal etiological agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in South America, is a zoonotic pathogen associated with case fatality rates of up to 40%. Despite its high clinical burden and unique capacity for person-to-person transmission among han...

Scaling of an evidence-based intervention program in older people with diabetes and frailty in Latin America. Diabfrail-Latam clinical trial protocol

Objectives Diabfrail-Latam is a project funded by the Horizon 2020 program of the European Commission (EC) and the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD). The main objective of this protocol is to describe the clinical validation of a multimodal intervention aimed at older p...

Artificial intelligence in human parasitic gastrointestinal infections: a systematic review closing the protozoan gap

Abstract Human parasitic gastrointestinal infections affect over 3.5 billion people worldwide, yet their diagnostic management remains heavily dependent on conventional microscopy. While artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a valuable tool in digital parasitology, its appl...

Environmental noise exposure partially accounts for the association between socioeconomic status and neural encoding of speech

Socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with variability in neural speech encoding as indexed by the frequency-following response (FFR), yet the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. Environmental noise exposure represents a plausible pathway, gi...

Landmark-defined two-dimensional lung configuration in women with osteogenesis imperfecta type III: an exploratory geometric morphometric pilot study

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type III is a rare disorder in which severe thoracic deformity may alter pulmonary anatomy. This exploratory pilot study assessed whether the relative two-dimensional configuration of four reproducible pulmonary landmarks differs between adult women w...

No late-time role for adiabatic torsion: a no-go result for Hubble-cutoff holographic dark energy in Einstein–Cartan cosmology

Abstract In Friedmann cosmology with Einstein–Cartan torsion, the homogeneous torsion mode compatible with a separately conserved matter sector scales as $$\Phi \propto a^{-3}$$ Φ ∝ a - 3 and enters the Friedmann constraint as a stiff component of negative energy density, $$-3\Ph...

Cellular stress leading to epithelial cell dysfunction in Sjögren’s syndrome

Cells are highly compartmentalized entities composed of membranous and nonmembranous structures, where organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, endosomes, and plasma membrane are organized. The plasma membr...

Dietary Patterns, Micronutrient Adequacy, and Metabolic Vulnerability in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Critical Narrative Review

Dietary factors may influence cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but observational associations, mechanistic findings, and intervention effects should not be considered equivalent evidence. This critical narrative review examines how dietary patterns, micronutrient ade...

Lichen-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk: Experimental Evidence, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges

Cardiometabolic disorders arise from interconnected metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative, mitochondrial, and vascular abnormalities. Lichens produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites, including depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans, anthraquinones, and other phenolic compoun...

Anthropometric Characteristics, Neuromuscular Performance and Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Chilean Youth Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objectives: Comprehensive physical profiling is important for monitoring athletic development in youth soccer players (YSP), yet integrated data from competitive South American players remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the anthropometric profile, neu...

Understanding community knowledge, attitudes and practices related to participation in household transmission investigations during infectious disease outbreaks

Abstract Background The World Health Organization has developed several global template protocols for epidemiological investigations, including for household transmission investigations (HHTIs). These investigations facilitate rapid characterisation of novel or re-emerging respir...

Subglottic Pressure and Immersion Depth: Key Determinants of Voice Outcomes in Water Resistance Tube Exercise

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different immersion depth levels and subglottic pressure (P sub ) levels on the oscillatory features of oral pressure (P oral ; frequency, amplitude, and regularity), the degree of glottal adduction, and the subjective p...

Maxwell kinematical algebras and 3D gravities

Abstract In this paper, we present a Maxwell extension of kinematical Lie algebras by promoting the contraction method underlying the Bacry and Lévy-Leblond cube to a semigroup expansion framework. Within this approach, we show that both non- and ultra-relativistic Maxwell algebr...