Policlinico Umberto I

A Computational Workflow Integrating Explainable AI and Database Mining for the Prioritization of Antimicrobial Natural Products

The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance demands the discovery of antibacterial agents with unprecedented chemical scaffolds. Natural products have historically been the most prolific source of antibiotics, yet the vast majority of catalogued natural products remain unte...

Surveillance, Detection and Therapeutic Innovation in Antimicrobial Resistance in the Age of Polycrisis: From Genomic and Digital Innovation to One Health Integration

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance is increasingly strained by interconnected global crises, i.e., pandemics, climate change, armed conflicts, population mobility, and health inequalities, that disrupt healthcare delivery, diagnostic capacity, and laboratory infrastructu...

The role of early genetic diagnosis in drug-resistant epilepsies: analysis of SCN1A, SCN2A and SCN8A gene mutations through salivary genetic testing

Abstract Background Epileptic and/or developmental encephalopathies (DEEs) represent a particularly severe subgroup of early-onset epilepsies, with an identifiable genetic aetiology in 30–50% of cases. Mutations in the SCN1A , SCN2A , and SCN8A genes, encoding the α-subunits of t...

Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Chorionic Villi for the Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Infection: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Test Accuracy

Background and Objectives: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following primary maternal infection in the first trimester carries the highest risk of long-term sequelae, yet prenatal diagnosis depends on amniotic fluid polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which cannot be perf...

Balanced versus hybrid phacoemulsification tips in grade 3 nuclear cataracts: a prospective randomized clinical study

To compare intraoperative efficiency and early postoperative corneal endothelial parameters between a balanced metal phacoemulsification tip and a hybrid polymer-coated tip. In this prospective randomized clinical study, patients with grade 3 nuclear cataract were assigned to pha...

Effect Modification of Rescue Stenting in ICAS-Related Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: The Role of Thrombectomy Failure, Stenosis Severity, and ASPECTS

Rescue stenting (RS) is increasingly used for intracranial artery stenosis-related large vessel occlusion (ICAS-LVO), but optimal patient selection remains uncertain. We investigated the baseline and procedural factors associated with receiving RS and whether they modified the as...

Diagnostic Considerations in Cervical Pott Disease: When to Investigate Recurrent Cervicocephalic Pain

Abstract Isolated involvement of upper cervical and craniovertebral junction is an extremely rare location of tuberculosis infection, but might lead to severe consequences if the diagnosis is delayed or misread. The authors present a case of cervical Pott’s disease with atlantoax...

Modulation of circulating osteocalcin-expressing monocytes by glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory pilot study

Abstract Context The phenotypic drift of circulating monocytes toward osteoblast-like cells expressing osteocalcin (OCN) has been linked to vascular calcification in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The synergistic action of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1...

The added value of echocardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension risk assessment an artificial intelligence machine learning–derived analysis of the ULTRA RIGHT VALUE registry

Abstract Aims The right ventricle (RV) is a major determinant of outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but its assessment has not been completely incorporated in the risk of mortality scores. We therefore evaluated the added value of echocardiography of the RV to risk...

Intravenous lipid emulsions with or without fish oil for the prevention of liver disease in VLBW neonates: A network meta‐analysis

BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease is a severe complication in very low birth weight (≤1500 g) preterm neonates. Although previous pairwise meta-analyses have compared individual intravenous lipid emulsions, their relative efficacy across all available form...

Transperineal Ultrasound in Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT This systematic review aimed to explore the application and effectiveness of transperineal ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for evaluating pelvic floor musculature (PFM) dysfunction in patients with chronic pelvic pain and related conditions, including endometriosis, vulv...

Patients’ and oncologists’ perspectives on shared decision-making and treatment communication in HR+/HER2 − advanced breast cancer: a multicountry survey

Hormone receptor–positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer (BC) represents approximately 70% of all cases. In locally advanced or metastatic stages (laBC/mBC), patients’ quality of life (QoL) often worsens, making shared decision-maki...

Molecular Pathogenesis, Global Epidemiological Trends, and Treatment Strategies for Pteropine Orthoreoviruses: A Narrative Review

Pteropine orthoreoviruses are emerging bat-borne zoonotic viruses of the genus Orthoreovirus (family Reoviridae), increasingly recognized as causes of acute respiratory disease in humans. Originally grouped with the largely non-pathogenic mammalian orthoreoviruses, they have chal...

Prognostic Role of Adverse Events in a Worldwide Population of Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer Treated with Chemo-Immunotherapy

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options. The addition of durvalumab or pembrolizumab to cisplatin–gemcitabine improves overall survival (OS), but validated biomarkers of benefit remain limited. Immune-mediated adverse ev...

Lean Mass Reduction During Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists-Induced Weight Loss: Rethinking Its Clinical Significance

The substantial weight loss achieved with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual incretin agonists has transformed the management of obesity and cardiometabolic risk. However, the accompanying reduction in lean mass has raised concerns regarding potential...

Beyond Device Safety: Organisational Burden and Quality of Life in Oncology Outpatients with PICCs. A Descriptive Exploratory Study

Background and Objectives: Cancer care is increasingly delivered through outpatient pathways, thereby progressively transferring part of the organisational and practical workload of care to patients and informal caregivers. Although peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs)...

Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Diaphragmatic Eventration: Case Report and Structured Literature Review

Objective: To describe a prenatal case of congenital diaphragmatic eventration, describe prenatal presentation and summarize available postnatal outcomes of previously reported cases. Methods: We present a prenatally diagnosed case of congenital diaphragmatic eventration managed...

Global Real‐World Outcomes of Olaparib in Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients With Homologous Recombination Repair Alterations

Evidence to guide the treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) gene alterations outside of clinical trials remains limited. This was an observational, cohort study, including mCRPC patients with...

Multidisciplinary Delphi consensus-based recommendations on the use of image-guided radiotherapy for upper gastrointestinal tumours: an AIRO–AITRO–AIFM study

Abstract Objectives Upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies represent one of the most challenging scenarios for image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Despite technological advances, clinical practice remains heterogeneous among centres. This national, multidisciplinary Delphi consen...

Visual Pathways Involvement in Friedreich’s Ataxia Patients Without Macular Impairment

Objectives: Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) abnormalities in Friedreich Ataxia (FA) may result from dysfunction of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), post-retinal visual pathways, or both. Therefore, we aimed to clarify whether in Friedreich Ataxia (FA), abnormal neural conduction is du...