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- AI & ComputingOpen access
The Architecture of Freedom Intelligence proposes that intelligence makes real possibilities more accessible and that action can change the possibilities themselves. This paper develops that proposition into a research architecture with separately observable physical capability,...
- AI & ComputingOpen access
A transition with positive probability under the dynamics is possible. Whether it is probable, perceived, executable, preferred, or realised are five further questions, and agent benchmarks usually answer them with one number. This paper introduces PathSpace, a benchmark in which...
- BiologyOpen access
The Strange Universe of Agents: Is the Universe Made of Agents?
Ask which things in the universe are agents and the usual answers arrive as a list with a boundary drawn somewhere convenient. This paper takes the question seriously enough to derive the boundary rather than draw it, and the derivation produces a surprise: agency turns out to be...
- BiologyOpen access
Perception is ordinarily studied in organisms and artificial agents, whereas physical propagation is described through dynamics, constraints and quantum amplitudes. The Architecture of Freedom Intelligence proposes a broader hypothesis: systems follow the lightest path according...
- AI & ComputingOpen access
Ecological approaches explain perception through meaningful relations between an organism and its environment. A complementary computational problem concerns the resolution at which such relations must be differentiated before action can proceed. This paper develops that problem...
- Society & EconomicsOpen access
Global real estate at end 2024 was valued at $393.3 trillion — approximately 3.75 times world GDP and 76% of all global assets (Savills 2025). Residential property alone accounts for $286.9 trillion, making it the single largest store of human wealth ever recorded. The sector tha...
- AI & ComputingOpen access
The Architecture of Freedom Intelligence proposes that intelligence makes real possibilities more accessible and that action can change the possibilities themselves. This paper develops that proposition into a research architecture with separately observable physical capability,...
- Society & EconomicsOpen access
The Case Study of the Case Studies: What Happens If the Case Study Solves Itself?
A case study investigates a bounded phenomenon in context; a system that optimizes a supplied task has not necessarily performed the upstream work of discovering that phenomenon, selecting its boundary, or determining which evidence matters. This paper examines whether parts of c...
- Physics & SpaceOpen access
Achieving micrometer-scale 4D X-ray tomography of living leaf tissue in the laboratory
A methodology for achieving micrometer-scale 4D X-ray lab microscopy of living leaf tissue was developed to overcome challenges associated with delicate tissues, radiation damage, and motion artifacts during in vivo imaging. The study focused on optimizing laboratory-based X-ray...