Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research

Technical note: A physically based correction of WRF temperature using atmospheric lapse rates for high-resolution hydrological simulations in a glacierized catchment

Abstract. High-elevation alpine catchments are particularly affected by the global rise in temperature. Understanding the drivers of climate-induced changes in the hydrological response of these catchments in the past is relevant for developing future adaptation strategies for wa...

Late Glacial temperature, anoxia, and primary production in Lago di Mezzano, Central Italy

In the North Atlantic domain, the Late Glacial period (19–11.8 cal ka BP) is characterized by rapid, high-amplitude climatic changes. The amplitude of temperature change in the Central Mediterranean region remains debated because reconstructions are limited and often contradictor...

Global characterisation of the vertical temperature anomaly structure of heat extremes over land in ERA5

The formation of surface heat extremes is usually described in terms of surface processes and upper-level dynamics. However, their full vertical temperature profile contains additional essential information about the involved processes. So far, it is an open question whether heat...

Mediterranean cyclones from pre-industrial to future climate: changes in extreme wind, precipitation and compound precipitation–wind events

The Mediterranean is a major extratropical cyclone hotspot and heavily impacted by climate change. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of future climate change with respect to pre-industrial conditions on extreme cyclones (EXCs) which induce extreme wind, precipita...

Projecting Impacts of Marine Heatwaves and Their Effects on Long‐Term Changes in Marine Ecosystems Over the 21st Century

ABSTRACT Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are increasing in frequency, duration and intensity under climate change. Although current MHWs trigger broad ecological impacts, such as coral bleaching, mass mortality of seagrass meadows, and declines in important fish stocks, the cascading eff...

Groundwater regulates the spatial pattern of photosynthesis in the contiguous United States

Abstract Plants can access water stored in aquifers to sustain their activity, releasing moisture into the atmosphere—a critical survival mechanism during drought. Understanding the role of groundwater in regulating photosynthesis is thus key for modelling land-atmosphere interac...

Mont Blanc ice core: δ15N of Ammonium

Dataset to interpret the δ15N(NH4+) in a Mont Blanc ice core. The document includes high resolution measurements and decadal averages of the CDD16 ice core. High-resolution measurements are in depth (m) or age (a CE). Decadal averages are mass weighted means. The long term values...

A strengthening yet less extreme Atlantic–European jet during winter

Abstract The Atlantic–European jet stream is a key driver of weather extremes in Europe, yet its recent variability and trends remain poorly understood. Here we investigate daily changes in jet strength, tilt and latitudinal extent from 1725 to 2100 using pressure data from four...

A general physiologically driven representation of leaf turnover in grasslands in the QUINCY land surface model (revision: 974a6b7f)

Abstract. Terrestrial vegetation plays an important role in shaping the Earth's climate due to its control on the global carbon cycle. Understanding and predicting vegetation phenology and biomass turnover into soil organic matter is therefore of great importance for our understa...

Invited perspectives: Towards usable compound event research

Abstract. Supporting stakeholders with science-based decision-making to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts is a central mandate of the climate research community. In particular, mapping out scenario-dependent climate risk landscapes is one of the most pressing challenge...

Introducing relative pollen productivity estimates for Iberian taxa: methodological insights and implications for landscape modelling in the Western Mediterranean

Abstract. Understanding the impact of ongoing global change on plant communities requires long-term quantitative reconstructions of past vegetation dynamics. Fossil pollen records offer one of the most powerful tools to reconstruct past landscapes, yet for their accurate interpre...

Endogenous and exogenous control of tree architectural and hydraulic traits of European beech growing in natural populations

Abstract Key message Genetic components explain a moderate, yet statistically significant proportion of the phenotypic variation in tree architecture and hydraulic traits of beech trees growing in naturally regenerated monospecific stands. Abstract Drought tolerance of European b...

Radiocarbon in atmospheric CH 4 and CO 2 at Jungfraujoch in 2019–2024: influence of regional nuclear emissions and current global atmospheric 14 CH 4 signal

Abstract. Radiocarbon (14C) is a valuable tracer to determine the relative fossil fractions of emitted carbonaceous greenhouse gases, such as CO2 and CH4. While atmospheric ∆14CO2 measurements have been conducted at multiple sites for several decades, ∆14CH4 measurements remain m...

Geological Reasoning Across Incompatible Timescales

Plain Language Summary Earth scientists often study the same planet on radically different timescales, yet treat their observations as though they were directly comparable. They are not. A microbial reaction measured over hours, a climate trend observed over decades, and a geolog...

Engineering and land use intensified climate-driven Yangtze River flood hazards since the Little Ice Age

Understanding the interplay between climate variability and human activities is essential for assessing long-term river flood hazards. Yet, the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic drivers to flood magnitude remain poorly constrained due to limited multicentury rec...

A high-resolution perspective on climate drivers of lake stratification and phototrophic community dynamics in Late Glacial Central Europe

Abstract. Predicting the trajectory of aquatic deoxygenation under global warming requires a mechanistic understanding of lacustrine responses to rapid climate shifts. We investigated how climate-driven changes in catchment vegetation and local iron-rich lithology regulated lake...