Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Two-Level Sketching Alternating Anderson Acceleration for Complex Physics Applications

Abstract. We present a novel two-level sketching extension of the Alternating Anderson–Picard (AAP) method for accelerating fixed-point iterations in challenging single- and multiphysics simulations governed by discretized PDEs. Our approach combines a static, physics-based proje...

Temporal transcriptomic and microbiome changes in American bison during experimental SARS-CoV-2 challenge

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a threat to humans as well as domestic and wild animals. The variability in severity of clinical signs, the zoonotic potential, and the host-specific response to infection contribute to the persistence of circulation of disease. In wildlife s...

Unraveling Spatial Electrochemical Heterogeneity and Additive‐Mediated Regulation in Scale‐up Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Pouch‐Type Cells

ABSTRACT Scaling aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) to pouch‐type configurations amplifies electric‐field and Zn 2+ flux heterogeneities, causing non‐uniform Zn deposition. Here, β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and Tween 80 (Tw80) are systematically investigated to decouple bulk transport...

The Myelin Sheath as a Multilamellar Electromechanical System: Bilayer Stack Analogs, Energy Buffering, and Biological Memory

The myelin sheath has traditionally been viewed as a passive electrical insulator that accelerates nerve impulse propagation. Recent experimental studies, however, indicate that myelin is a dynamic biological material whose structure and hydration state adapt to neuronal activity...

Relaxation Polyamorphism of Rosuvastatin and Physicochemical Characterisation of a Rosuvastatin–Carvedilol Co-Amorphous System

Objective: In this study, the solid-state properties of two amorphous forms of rosuvastatin calcium (ROS) and co-amorphous systems of rosuvastatin with carvedilol (CAR) were investigated. Methods: The studied systems were investigated using TGA, DSC, TMDSC, PXRD, SAXS, SSNMR, and...

Effect of electron cyclotron waves on plasma with runaway electrons

Abstract Runaway electrons generated during tokamak disruptions are a major concern for the safe operation of future fusion devices. The interaction of runaway electrons with waves has been proposed as a potential mechanism for their mitigation. This study investigates the effect...

Powder-to-near net shape manufacturing: in-situ friction stir forging of soft magnetic composites

Abstract Soft magnetic materials are critical to the performance, energy efficiency, and miniaturization of electric motors. While laminated soft magnetic materials have dominated the industry, the demand for soft magnetic composites (SMCs) is rapidly growing in applications requ...

Exact Limits of Random Projections for Preserving Geometry: Distance Recovery, Nearest-Neighbor Rankings, and Covariance Shape in Gaussian Models

The Johnson–Lindenstrauss (JL) lemma guarantees that a random projection of n points to m = O(ε⁻² log n) dimensions preserves pairwise squared distances within relative error ε with high probability. This dimension order is asymptotically optimal. In high dimensions, however, dis...

Quality-controlled active learning via Gaussian processes for robust structure–property learning in autonomous microscopy

Abstract Autonomous experimental systems are increasingly used in materials research to accelerate scientific discovery, but their performance is often limited by low-quality, noisy data. This issue is especially problematic in data-intensive structure–property learning tasks suc...

Pair distribution analysis of short- and medium-range order of metallic glasses: Direct imaging and diffraction-based approaches

Abstract Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis provides a quantitative framework for resolving short- and medium-range order in glasses. This article summarizes recent advances that extend PDF methods from bulk x-ray and neutron-diffraction methods to local electron microscop...

Microbial inoculants for soil restoration: A Risk-Proportional Stewardship Framework Integrating Strain-Resolved Genomics and Adaptive Governance

Abstract Global soil degradation and increasing reliance on chemical inputs threaten agricultural sustainability, driving interest in microbial inoculants as tools for soil restoration. These biological products have the potential to enhance nutrient cycling, improve soil structu...

Engineering Hidden Ferroelectric‐Like Distortion for Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Polar van der Waals Tetradymite

ABSTRACT Ferroelectric‐like polar structures enable diverse functionalities through coupling with charge and phonon transport. Although effective in modulating thermal conductivity, the rational design of novel polar materials with intrinsically low thermal conductivity via ferro...

Compatibility of Type 304H Stainless Steel in Static Molten FLiBe for Inertial Confinement Fusion Reactors: Role of Impurities and Redox Control

Molten fluoride salts, such as FLiBe (LiF-BeF2), are promising candidates for tritium breeding and heat transfer in fusion reactors, but corrosion of structural materials remains a major challenge. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel 304H...

Building a Physics-Aware AI Ecosystem for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Materials

Abstract Hydrogen storage remains a central bottleneck for scalable hydrogen energy systems due to the multiscale and coupled nature of the thermodynamics, kinetics, and microstructural evolution of hydrogen storage materials (HSMs). Although artificial intelligence (AI) has acce...

A Survey of Distributed Asynchronous Many-Task Models and Their Applications

Asynchronous many-task (AMT) runtime systems have become an important paradigm for expressing fine-grained parallelism and managing asynchrony in high-performance computing (HPC). Originating from early dataflow concepts, AMTs have evolved to enable dynamic task generation, expli...

Optical diagnostic design for measuring the radiation front with a mid-leg pumped divertor on DIII-D

The design of an optical diagnostic system to localize the radiation front in a mid-leg pumped divertor configuration on DIII-D is presented. Divertor detachment is a key mechanism for handling power exhaust in tokamaks, and mid-leg pumping offers a promising approach to radiativ...

Quantum Resource Comparison for Two Leading Surface Code Lattice Surgery Approaches

Hamiltonian simulation is one of the most promising candidates for the demonstration of quantum advantage within the next ten years, and several studies have proposed end-to-end resource estimates for executing such algorithms on fault-tolerant quantum processors. Usually, these...

In Situ High Shear Perturbation of Surface MolecularLayers with Neutron Reflectivity

Abstract We present the effect of in situ imposed shear on two adsorbed molecular layers using a flow cell that enables access to shear rates of up to 2 × 105 s–1 (shear stress: 2 × 102 Pa). The response of these molecular layers to shear is determined by the relative strength of...

Covalently Integrated Amorphous Mn x Mo 3 S 13 –GO Chalcocarbogel for High Capacity and Long‐Life Sulfur Equivalent Conversion Electrodes

ABSTRACT Developing long‐life, high‐capacity sulfur‐based electrodes from earth‐abundant elements remains a major challenge because of structural degradation and polysulfide dissolution during multielectron conversion reactions. Here, we report a hybrid amorphous Mn x Mo 3 S 13 –...

MitigatingSO2 Poisoning Effect in ElectrochemicalCO2 Reduction with Transition-Metal Single-Atom MolecularCatalysts

Abstract The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising approach for converting captured CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. However, CO2 streams from industrial sources often contain SO2 impurities, which compromise the performance and stability of many...