Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Powder-to-near net shape manufacturing: in-situ friction stir forging of soft magnetic composites

Abstract Soft magnetic materials are critical to the performance, energy efficiency, and miniaturization of electric motors. While laminated soft magnetic materials have dominated the industry, the demand for soft magnetic composites (SMCs) is rapidly growing in applications requ...

Quality-controlled active learning via Gaussian processes for robust structure–property learning in autonomous microscopy

Abstract Autonomous experimental systems are increasingly used in materials research to accelerate scientific discovery, but their performance is often limited by low-quality, noisy data. This issue is especially problematic in data-intensive structure–property learning tasks suc...

Exact Limits of Random Projections for Preserving Geometry: Distance Recovery, Nearest-Neighbor Rankings, and Covariance Shape in Gaussian Models

The Johnson–Lindenstrauss (JL) lemma guarantees that a random projection of n points to m = O(ε⁻² log n) dimensions preserves pairwise squared distances within relative error ε with high probability. This dimension order is asymptotically optimal. In high dimensions, however, dis...

Engineering Hidden Ferroelectric‐Like Distortion for Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Polar van der Waals Tetradymite

ABSTRACT Ferroelectric‐like polar structures enable diverse functionalities through coupling with charge and phonon transport. Although effective in modulating thermal conductivity, the rational design of novel polar materials with intrinsically low thermal conductivity via ferro...

Compatibility of Type 304H Stainless Steel in Static Molten FLiBe for Inertial Confinement Fusion Reactors: Role of Impurities and Redox Control

Molten fluoride salts, such as FLiBe (LiF-BeF2), are promising candidates for tritium breeding and heat transfer in fusion reactors, but corrosion of structural materials remains a major challenge. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel 304H...

Microbial inoculants for soil restoration: A Risk-Proportional Stewardship Framework Integrating Strain-Resolved Genomics and Adaptive Governance

Abstract Global soil degradation and increasing reliance on chemical inputs threaten agricultural sustainability, driving interest in microbial inoculants as tools for soil restoration. These biological products have the potential to enhance nutrient cycling, improve soil structu...

Pair distribution analysis of short- and medium-range order of metallic glasses: Direct imaging and diffraction-based approaches

Abstract Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis provides a quantitative framework for resolving short- and medium-range order in glasses. This article summarizes recent advances that extend PDF methods from bulk x-ray and neutron-diffraction methods to local electron microscop...

Building a Physics-Aware AI Ecosystem for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Materials

Abstract Hydrogen storage remains a central bottleneck for scalable hydrogen energy systems due to the multiscale and coupled nature of the thermodynamics, kinetics, and microstructural evolution of hydrogen storage materials (HSMs). Although artificial intelligence (AI) has acce...

A Survey of Distributed Asynchronous Many-Task Models and Their Applications

Asynchronous many-task (AMT) runtime systems have become an important paradigm for expressing fine-grained parallelism and managing asynchrony in high-performance computing (HPC). Originating from early dataflow concepts, AMTs have evolved to enable dynamic task generation, expli...

Optical diagnostic design for measuring the radiation front with a mid-leg pumped divertor on DIII-D

The design of an optical diagnostic system to localize the radiation front in a mid-leg pumped divertor configuration on DIII-D is presented. Divertor detachment is a key mechanism for handling power exhaust in tokamaks, and mid-leg pumping offers a promising approach to radiativ...

Quantum Resource Comparison for Two Leading Surface Code Lattice Surgery Approaches

Hamiltonian simulation is one of the most promising candidates for the demonstration of quantum advantage within the next ten years, and several studies have proposed end-to-end resource estimates for executing such algorithms on fault-tolerant quantum processors. Usually, these...

In Situ High Shear Perturbation of Surface MolecularLayers with Neutron Reflectivity

Abstract We present the effect of in situ imposed shear on two adsorbed molecular layers using a flow cell that enables access to shear rates of up to 2 × 105 s–1 (shear stress: 2 × 102 Pa). The response of these molecular layers to shear is determined by the relative strength of...

MitigatingSO2 Poisoning Effect in ElectrochemicalCO2 Reduction with Transition-Metal Single-Atom MolecularCatalysts

Abstract The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising approach for converting captured CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. However, CO2 streams from industrial sources often contain SO2 impurities, which compromise the performance and stability of many...

Identification of a key water molecule involved in the macrophage migration inhibitory factor‐catalyzed tautomerization of para ‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate using neutron crystallography

Neutron crystallography was used to determine a 2.5-Å resolution all-atom structure of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) interacting with 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyruvate (HPP). MIF is a pro-inflammatory, pro-tumorigenic protein that may be an attractive therapeutic target...

Covalently Integrated Amorphous Mn x Mo 3 S 13 –GO Chalcocarbogel for High Capacity and Long‐Life Sulfur Equivalent Conversion Electrodes

ABSTRACT Developing long‐life, high‐capacity sulfur‐based electrodes from earth‐abundant elements remains a major challenge because of structural degradation and polysulfide dissolution during multielectron conversion reactions. Here, we report a hybrid amorphous Mn x Mo 3 S 13 –...

Impact of surface division and zone characteristics on outdoor surface temperature modeling with EnergyPlus

Several graphical user interface (GUI) tools used by energy modelers are powered by EnergyPlus, a widely recognized building energy modeling engine. Recent advancements in these tools have improved the creation of building geometries for energy modeling. Ladybug Tools, a Grasshop...

Developmentof a Flow-through Cell for UltrasonicExtraction (UE)─Single Particle (SP)─ICP-MS─anApproach for Nano/Microparticle Elemental and Isotopic Analysis

Abstract -Nanotechnology is a salient part of the scientific landscape, and analytical approaches are rapidly evolving to enable small-scale characterization of nano- and microparticle compositions and impurities. Here, a flow-through sonicating cell was developed for direct part...

The Zooplankton International Geospatial dataset: A global repository of spatiotemporal freshwater zooplankton community composition data from lakes and reservoirs to support ecological research

Abstract Zooplankton transfer substantial energy in aquatic food webs and are used as indicators of environmental change. Syntheses of zooplankton community dynamics globally require datasets that span a wide range of environmental gradients; however, these datasets are limited d...

Separation and Recovery of High-Purity Dysprosium from Electric Vehicle Scrap Permanent Magnets Using Cyanex 572, a Cationic Extractant in a Membrane Solvent Extraction Process

Abstract Rare earth elements (REEs), especially heavy rare earth elements such as dysprosium (Dy), have gained immense attention globally due to their widespread use in many state-of-the-art technologies. Consequently, demand for REEs is increasing rapidly in comparison to their...

Improvements in the Sample Space for the Backscattering Silicon Spectrometer (BASIS)

The increase in neutron flux at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), currently operating at 2.0 MW proton beam power, has created new opportunities for higher-throughput neutron scattering experiments while also increasing the importance of mi...