North Carolina State University

Powder-to-near net shape manufacturing: in-situ friction stir forging of soft magnetic composites

Abstract Soft magnetic materials are critical to the performance, energy efficiency, and miniaturization of electric motors. While laminated soft magnetic materials have dominated the industry, the demand for soft magnetic composites (SMCs) is rapidly growing in applications requ...

Using drift coefficients as a basis for inferring times, effective population sizes, and genetic adaptations

Genetic drift and gene flow can give rise to a complex population genetic structure. The inverse problem of estimating the genetic drift and gene flow in the past, based on the present-day genomic population structure, can be solved using an admixture graph. This describes the di...

Reconfigurable Photonic Circuit for On-Chip Optical Routing with Engineered Si-ITO Platform

Abstract Reconfigurable photonic circuits are essential for programmable optical signal processing and high-speed optical interconnects; however, achieving compact and electrically tunable routing elements with low optical loss remains a major challenge in integrated photonics. W...

Efficient quantum implementation of dynamical mean field theory for correlated materials

The accurate theoretical description of materials with strongly correlated electrons is a formidable challenge in condensed matter physics and computational chemistry. Dynamical Mean Field Theory (DMFT) is a successful approach that predicts behaviors of such systems by incorpora...

Therapeutic Reversalof PH-HFpEF via Lung SpheroidCell Exosomes

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension–associated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) is a prevalent and lethal cardiopulmonary syndrome without effective disease-modifying therapy. We investigated the therapeutic potential of lung spheroid cell–derived exosomes (L...

The Role of Macrophages in the Immune Response to Peritoneal Infection with Dirofilaria immitis Larvae in the Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

The host cellular mechanisms determining whether Dirofilaria immitis (canine heartworm) larvae establish infection remain poorly understood. The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), a naturally nonpermissive host, mounts a rapid macrophage-dominated peritoneal cellular respo...

The effect of organic amendments on cannabidiol yield and topsoil health (0–10 cm) in floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production system

Abstract Background Compost and cover crops enhance soil health and crop productivity in agricultural systems, yet their integration as soil management strategies in floral hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) production remains underexplored. Understanding these effects is critical for op...

Adding Value to Cassava Genetic Resources Conserved at CIAT—Part II: Fifty Years of Evaluation and Use of Landraces for Variety Development

For millennia, farmers in cassava’s homeland in the neotropics selected varieties suited to their climate, soils, biological environments, management systems, and nutritional needs. These actions were fundamental to the crop’s success as a reliable staple energy source. After the...

Building sets, Chow rings, and their Hilbert series

Abstract We establish formulas for the Hilbert series of the Chow ring of a polymatroid using arbitrary building sets. For braid matroids and minimal building sets, our results produce new formulas for the Poincaré polynomial of the moduli space $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}_{0,n+1}$...

Size-DependentChemical Speciation in CementitiousQuarry Waste

Abstract Quarry waste, especially adjacent to cementitious rock formations, presents an underutilized mineral resource given that geo-processes generate gradients in composition across vast scales. We inferred, and demonstrate, that mechanical breakdown depends on chemical compos...

Primary Care Clinical Rotations Are Associated with Shifts in Senior Veterinary Students’ Perceptions of Scope, Complexity, and Career Alignment

The study objective was to evaluate changes in senior veterinary students' perceptions of companion animal primary care and career preferences following a primary care clinical rotation. A multi-institutional survey was administered to veterinary students at 10 US colleges of vet...

Safer sex self-efficacy and condom use among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Inconsistent condom use puts adolescents at risk for HIV/STIs and unintended pregnancy. A recent meta-analysis identified safer sex self-efficacy as one of the strongest correlates of U.S. adolescent condom use ( r avg = .22), but with significant heterogeneity in effect sizes. T...

The evolution of plasticity in drought-related traits in central and edge populations of Mimulus cardinalis

Phenotypic plasticity can influence population persistence, range dynamics, and evolutionary potential in heterogeneous landscapes. If adaptive, plasticity may buffer populations against environmental variability, climate change, and extreme events. Yet, few studies have examined...

Oxidative stress in pigs and opportunities with selenium-containing amino acids

Modern pig farming practices, characterized by highly-productive and fast-growing genetics, early weaning, and uncontrolled factors such as heat stress and various nutritional challenges, impose cumulative stress on the animal. Elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species w...

A pair of duplicated SOC1 genes, DcSOC1-1 and DcSOC1-2, control vernalization requirement in carrot

Abstract Background Carrot vernalization requirement (VR), the amount of cold exposure needed for plants to become vernalized, strongly influences geographical adaptation of the crop and many agricultural practices, and this trait defines annual vs. biennial cultivars. Despite it...

Identification of a key water molecule involved in the macrophage migration inhibitory factor‐catalyzed tautomerization of para ‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate using neutron crystallography

Neutron crystallography was used to determine a 2.5-Å resolution all-atom structure of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) interacting with 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyruvate (HPP). MIF is a pro-inflammatory, pro-tumorigenic protein that may be an attractive therapeutic target...

Influence of Yarn Micro-Architecture on Coupled Heat and Moisture Transport: Modeling and Validation

Abstract Heat and moisture are simultaneously generated during human activity, and evaporative heat loss becomes essential for comfort in warm environments; therefore, transport through voids of textiles must be understood at the structural level. This study uses parallel PET yar...

Low energy neutron light output characterization of EJ301D and deuterated stilbene with a comparison of light output characterization methods

The neutron-induced light yield of a 2.54 cm diameter by 2.54 cm long right circular cylinder of EJ301D and a (5.08 cm) \(^3\) custom made cube of deuterated trans -stilbene-d \(_{12}\) (d-stilbene) were measured over incident neutron energies from 300 keV to 2.2 MeV and 200 keV...

LLMs’ reshaping of people, processes, products, and society in software development: a qualitative exploration with early adopters

Abstract Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping software development, but their impact across the full software development lifecycle is underexplored. Existing work tends to focus on isolated activities such as code generation or testing, leaving open questions about...

Group recognition in the German cockroach, a subsocial omnivore, is based on faecal odour preference that is modulated by coprophagy, diet and learning

Abstract Faecal odours attract cockroaches to aggregations, where conspecific faeces provide nutrients and seed the gut microbiota. Because these odours arise from the gut and faecal microbial communities, which are shaped by coprophagy and diet, discrete aggregations within a he...