Neuroscience Research Australia

Lung cancer incidence, metastatic disease and mortality in people accessing mental health services: Opportunities for screening

Objective: To describe lung cancer incidence, stage and post-diagnosis mortality in people accessing mental health services, focusing on people aged 50–70 targeted by Australia’s new lung cancer screening programme. Methods: Linkage to the New South Wales Cancer Registry identifi...

Global Incidence of All-Cause Dementia

Importance Global dementia incidence estimates are limited by underrepresentation of low- and middle-income countries and heterogeneous analytic methods. Due to these limitations, true understanding of the global dementia landscape remains incomplete. Objective To identify dement...

Quantitative cellular morphology in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases: insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic discovery

Abstract Background Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are characterised by complex cellular pathology involving coordinated alterations across multiple subcellular components. Advances in high-content imaging, multiplexed fluorescent labelling, and quantitative imag...

Using multi-trait polygenic scores to predict lithium responsiveness in patients with bipolar disorder

Background The predictive power of polygenic scores (PGSs) for lithium treatment response in bipolar disorder remains limited. Aims To enhance the prediction of lithium responsiveness by developing a multi-trait PGS (mt-PGS) combining genetic information from multiple phenotypes...

Appendices for Family Constellations for All Clinical Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Showing a Lack of Supporting Evidence

Public appendices for the first systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials on Family Constellation Therapy.

Sodium butyrate rescues long-term neurodevelopmental deficits following perinatal methadone exposure

Abstract Background Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) induces long-term neurodevelopmental, behavioral and cognitive deficits for which no targeted treatments are available. The mechanisms underlying POE deficits are poorly understood, but have been linked to a range of central, per...

Positive Joint Work Redistribution in Running: The Role of Plantar Flexor Fatigue and the Effect of Advanced Footwear Technology

Abstract Over the course of a near-maximal effort 10 km run, positive mechanical work decreases at the ankle and increases at the knee. Although plantar flexor fatigue is believed to be responsible for the proximal shift in mechanical work generation, this has yet to be confirmed...

Unsafe after dark? Women's travel experiences while walking, cycling and using public transport in Australia and New Zealand

Women experience distinct safety challenges when walking, cycling, and using public transport, particularly after dark and in relation to unwanted behaviours. Contemporary evidence integrating multiple transport modes and whole-journey stages across Australia and New Zealand rema...

Multiscale characterization of cortical signatures in positive and negative schizotypy:a worldwide ENIGMA study

Positive and negative schizotypy reflect distinct patterns of subclinical traits in the general population associated with neurodevelopmental and schizophrenia-spectrum pathologies. Yet, a comprehensive characterization of the unique and shared neuroanatomical signatures of these...

Protocol for the ACTIVE trial: a multicentre, open-label, cluster-randomized controlled trial of a quality improvement programme for older adults with hip fracture in resource-limited hospitals in China

Aims The primary aim of the Action on Hip Fracture Management Quality Improvement (ACTIVE) trial is to evaluate whether a context-tailored quality improvement programme improves health-related quality of life at 120 days after hospital admission, among adults aged 65 years or old...

Increases in a pivotal bioactive peptide in specific brain regions reflect the progression of pathology in Alzheimer’s disease

Abnormal activation of a developmental process driven by a bioactive peptide T14, is posited as a key mechanism in the degeneration of the primarily vulnerable nuclei during the prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). We use a range of anatomical, biochemical and genetic app...

Impact of respiratory muscle training on sleep disordered breathing in people with tetraplegia: a sub-analysis of a randomised controlled trial

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Study Design:</bold>Sub-analysis of a randomised controlled trial. <bold>Objectives:</bold>Respiratory muscle training (RMT) in people with tetraplegia yields marked improvements in inspiratory muscle strength. The present study investigated whether...

Issues in the clinical assessment and management of people living with motor neurone disease (MND): a survey of Australian healthcare professionals

Objective: To inform the development of the Australian MND Guideline, this study aimed to identify challenges Australian healthcare professionals (HCPs) face in the clinical assessment and management of people living with MND (plwMND) including where practice varies from evidence...