Near East University

Comparing a Hesitation-Word Logit Penalty with presence_penalty in Qwen3.5-0.8B Thinking Mode: A Short Measurement Note

The Qwen3.5-0.8B model card notes that, at the recommended settings, the model is prone to thinking loops in thinking mode even with a presence penalty (presence_penalty) of 1.5 [3]. In this note, we compared a constant logit penalty applied to hesitation words (W3; λ = 3) with t...

Balanced Defensive Fine-Tuning for Text-to-SQL on a Small Code Language Model: A Pre-Registered Measurement Report

Locally run small language models enable generating SQL from natural language without sending the database schema to third-party servers. However, a model fine-tuned only to "translate the question into SQL" can also translate destructive or unauthorized commands embedded in the...

A single-switch quadratic DC–DC converter with ultra-high voltage gain and low voltage stress on semiconductors

This study offers a single-switch ultra-high step-up DC–DC converter based on the quadratic configuration. In the proposed topology, the quadratic structure is integrated with an auxiliary circuit employing a three-winding coupled inductor. The converter obtains an enhanced volta...

Numerical analysis of melting heat transfer in stratified Casson nanofluid flow over an inclined wedge for energy-efficient thermal systems

Purpose Given the diverse applications of nanoparticles, blood transport and stratified flow in medical and industrial domains, this study was conducted. Design/methodology/approach Nonlinear thermal stratification is used to capture realistic, high-gradient thermal environments...

Development and Patient-Level Internal Validation of an MRI-Based Radiomics Machine Learning Model for Preoperative Prediction of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study

Background/Objectives: Cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the main prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and guides the extent of neck treatment. This retrospective pilot study aimed to develop MRI-based radiomics machine learning models for the preoperati...

Beyond Environmental Sustainability: A Conceptual Framework for Valuing Circadian Disruption

Circadian rhythm disruption caused by artificial light at night (ALAN) and shift work has been linked to several adverse health outcomes, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Despite increasing biological and epidemiological evidence, these health co...

Circadian Misalignment and Chrononutrition in Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Gaps

Circadian rhythms regulate glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production, peripheral insulin sensitivity, nutrient handling, and energy balance. Observational studies have associated circadian timing disruption through shift work, irregular sleep, artificial l...

Ultralight dark matter halo structures around a noncommutative Euler-Heisenberg black hole spacetime

Cosmological simulations of ultra-massive black-hole configurations in the early universe challenge the idealized assumption of vacuum black-hole solutions. In this respect, we propose noncommutative-smeared Euler-Heisenberg-type black hole solutions embedded in ultralight dark m...

Volatility Connectedness and Portfolio Optimization Across Islamic Finance, Sustainable, and Technological Innovation Markets: Evidence From Multiple Global Turbulences

ABSTRACT This study investigates volatility spillovers and minimum‐variance portfolio allocation among Islamic finance, sustainable, and technological innovation markets across four major global turbulences (COVID‐19 pandemic, Russia–Ukraine conflict, 2023 banking crisis, and 202...

Financial Inclusion, Energy Transition, and Sustainable Development in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Distributional Panel Analysis

ABSTRACT Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) faces pressing financing and structural transitions to achieve the 2030 Agenda, yet the distributional relationships linking financial inclusion and renewable energy adoption to sustainable development goal (SDG) achievement remain underexplored....

Rising Carbapenem MICs and Clinical Dose Optimization: Bridging Resistance Surveillance and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Strategies

The rise in carbapenem resistance is well documented, but a less conspicuous trend has received far less attention: the gradual upward shift in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values among isolates that remain phenotypically “susceptible.” We propose the term carbapenem fl...

Unmasking the dark side: how does fossil fuel financing hurt the carbon neutrality targets?

The significance of carbon neutrality objectives in global climate mitigation efforts cannot be underestimated. Fossil fuels are widely believed to be a major culprit behind global climate change, and top polluting economies are still heavily investing in fossil fuels. Thus, the...

Wave dynamics of Data-Driven soliton interaction for the nonlinear Bubble liquid model in complex fluid systems using Symbolic based Artificial Neural Network approach

In this article, we investigate the wave dynamics for solitons to the nonlinear bubble liquid model by applying the novel bilinear neural network approach. This equation has applications in complex fluid systems, fluid mechanics, geophysical flows, acoustic activation, and biomed...

Exploring the nexus between energy productivity, globalization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in France using fourier-based methods

This study examines the effects of globalization, energy productivity, primary energy consumption, and economic growth on CO₂ emissions in France. Using quarterly time-series data for France covering between 1990Q1 and 2019Q4, the study models CO₂ emissions as a function of globa...

The impact of environmental, social, and governance uncertainty and economic growth on green energy management in the United States

Green energy is no longer merely an environmental priority for the United States; it has become a strategic pathway for sustainable development shaped by environmental, social, and governance uncertainty (ESGU) and economic growth (ECG). Against this background, this study examin...

Unified multi-task YOLO-Lite framework for road defect detection and image-level classification with edge-optimized quantization and explainable visual inference

Automated road defect assessment requires models that can accurately localize pavement damage, identify the overall defect category, and operate with limited computational resources. However, most existing approaches address object-level detection and image-level classification u...

Dental pulp stones as an independent predictor for extracranial carotid artery calcification: a cross-sectional cone-beam computed tomography analysis

Vascular calcification is a key indicator of cardiovascular risk, and dental imaging allows its visualization. Dental pulp calcifications (pulp stones) have been suggested as markers of systemic mineralization. This study aimed to assess the association between pulp stones and ex...

The janus-faced function of mesenchymal stem cells in oral cancer

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which exist in bone marrow, tooth pulp, and tumor microenvironments, have a dual role in oral malignancies. These cells interact closely with cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). On the one hand, MSCs accelerate the growth...

A hybrid machine learning framework using fractional order dynamics to predict fish toxicity in aquatic ecosystems

Accurate prediction of chemical toxicity to aquatic organisms remains a critical challenge in environmental risk assessment. Traditional machine-learning (ML) models capture static correlations but cannot represent time-dependent, memory-driven processes such as bioaccumulation a...

Preoperative embolization for glioblastoma surgery: A scoping review

Background: Preoperative embolization for glioblastoma (GBM) is a relatively uncommon procedure, and few studies have described its role as an adjunct to surgery. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE via Ovid, and ScienceDirect were searched following the Preferred Reporting Items for Scopin...