National Institute for Health and Care Research

A feasibility randomised controlled trial of culturally appropriate physical activity promotion strategies among older Chinese adults in the UK

Abstract Background Informed by an evidence review and qualitative interviews and guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and person-based approach (PBA), we developed the first culturally appropriate physical activity (PA) promotion strategies for older Chinese adults in the...

Considering Autism in Binge-Type Eating Disorders: Broadening Beyond an Anorexia Nervosa-Focused Model

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Research on Autism in eating disorders (EDs) has historically focused on anorexia nervosa (AN), with comparatively limited attention given to binge-type EDs such as bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). This review summarises emerging evidence o...

Assessment of infection prevention practices in office-based surgery: a multicentre regional audit

Abstract Background Office-based surgery (OBS) is increasingly used due to organizational constraints and perceived benefits. However, data on infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in OBS settings remain limited. This study aimed to assess the conditions in which OBS a...

Implementation of electronic signposting to interventions that prevent cancer: A realist review

Uptake of evidence-based interventions that prevent cancer is very low. Electronic signposting using digital messages sent via electronic healthcare systems is increasingly utilised to improve service reach and uptake. However, theory for optimising the implementation of electron...

Human CD1c-autoreactive T-cells recognise Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected antigen-presenting cells and display cytotoxic effector programmes

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the leading cause of death from infection globally yet the contribution of non-classical T-cell pathways to human immunity remains poorly defined. CD1c-autoreactive T-cells, which recognise self-lipids present...

Protocolised analgosedation in mechanically ventilated adult patients: A scoping review

Purpose Our objectives were to assess structure and content of analgosedation protocols used for mechanically ventilated adult patients, including those receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), against current international sedation guidelines, and to explore reporte...

Early national comparison of robotic versus conventional hip replacements for arthritis using National Joint Registry data: target trial emulation study

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the early comparative effectiveness of robotic versus conventional total hip replacement (THR) in the UK. Design Target trial emulation study. Setting Public and private hospitals using data from the National Joint Registry of England, Wales, North...

Mapping the evidence base of kidney, prostate and urinary tract tumours to inform the WHO classification of tumours

Background The project ‘World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours (WCT): a Living Evidence Gap Map by Tumour Type’ applies the Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) methodology to systematically synthesise evidence to support iterative refinements of the WCT. As part of this...

Accumulating safety data for remote ischemic conditioning in acute pediatric neurological conditions

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is the most common infection-triggered encephalopathy in East Asian children and one for which existing neuroprotective strategies are limited. Despite the use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) or targete...

Development and evaluation of a quality assessment tool for equality, diversity, and inclusion (QUALITY-EDI) within healthcare research

Implementing equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in healthcare research is critical to ensuring findings are translatable and provide the greatest benefit to patients who need it most. A quality assessment scoring tool (QUALITY-EDI) was developed to evaluate the conduct of E...

Body Weight in Relation to the Effectiveness of Intravenous Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: The ENCHANTED Trial

BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of body weight in patients receiving thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine whether body weight modifies the comparative effects of low- versus standard-dose intravenous alteplase and to eval...

Microbial keratitis management through the lens of pharmacy attendants in Siraha district of Nepal: A study of knowledge, attitudes, and practices

Background Microbial keratitis (MK) is endemic in many developing countries including Nepal and is a preventable cause of blindness. Many Nepalese rely on community pharmacies or medical shops as their primary source of healthcare. This study explored the knowledge and experience...

QTc changes and early major adverse cardiovascular events associated with antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder in adults: individual participant data network meta-regression of double blind randomised trials

Abstract Objective To compare the effect of specific antidepressants with placebo on heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) during the first eight weeks of treatment for major depressive disorder in adults, and to investigate whether antidepressant use is associated with early ma...

An International Position Statement on Practical Approaches for Inpatient Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Insulin Pumps, and Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Adults

There is an urgent and unmet need for a practical clinical guideline addressing the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pumps, and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in hospital settings. The goal with this position statement is to facilitate effective and s...

An international position statement on practical approaches for inpatient continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps and automated insulin delivery systems in adults

There is an urgent and unmet need for a practical clinical guideline addressing the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pumps and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in hospital settings. The goal with this position statement is to facilitate effective and sa...

Optimising a digitally delivered behavioural weight loss programme: a factorial cluster randomised controlled trial

Abstract Digital interventions are widely used for weight management, so optimising their effectiveness and retention is vital. This 2⁴ factorial trial tested four components added to a commercial programme: a health coach introductory call, coaching webchat sessions, goal-settin...

Telehealth to Reduce Compound Pressures on the NHS and Social Care: A Multi-Methods Study Protocol

Abstract Telehealth and remote monitoring are increasingly used in the management of long-term health conditions and can improve access to care. The Mersey Care Telehealth Service (MCTS) provides technology-enabled support for people with heart failure, diabetes and chronic obstr...

Examining the mental health support needs of NHS staff exposed to patient pregnancy and neonatal loss: A qualitative study

Background Pregnancy and neonatal loss, including miscarriage, stillbirth, termination for fetal abnormality, and neonatal death, affects a substantial proportion of pregnancies in the UK. Although the impact on patients is well documented, less attention has been paid to the exp...

Thermophysiological and perceptual responses to exercise heat stress in people with cystic fibrosis on Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate thermophysiological and perceptual responses to exercise heat stress in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) on Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) versus healthy controls, and to explore their lived experiences of heat str...

PrEgabalin for Treatment Resistant generalised Anxiety disorder (PETRA): study protocol for a double-blind randomised controlled trial set in the UK

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is common and increasingly recognised in primary care. Although antidepressants and psychological therapies are first-line treatments, many patients have residual anxiety and limited access to therapy. Evidence for effective next-step pharmacolo...