Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital

Schizophrenia research in 2026: report from the annual meeting of the Schizophrenia International Research Society

Abstract SIRS 2026, held under the theme “Schizophrenia Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence,” brought together researchers, clinicians, and persons with lived experience to take stock of a field whose tools for measuring, predicting, and intervening in psychosis have e...

Early Pregnancy Use of Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies and Propranolol and Spontaneous Abortion Risk

Importance Migraine affects individuals of reproductive age, but treatment options during pregnancy are limited due to safety concerns. Anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are effective for migraine prevention; however, CGRP is important in pl...

Opioid use, disability, and patient‐reported cognitive impairment in migraine: Multi‐country results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes—International Study

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the population who do and do not use opioids to treat migraine in the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes-International (CaMEO-I) Study. BACKGROUND: Opioids are not recommended for migraine treatment because of efficacy and safety limitations. ME...

Profiling peripheral immune cells in Parkinson's disease: A scoping review

Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognized as a multi-system disorder with immune dysregulation extending beyond the central nervous system. Although numerous studies have examined peripheral immune alterations in people with PD, findings remain heterogeneous and difficu...

Multivariate analysis identifies distinct latent components and highlights the contribution of motor cortex neurochemistry to clinical variance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is marked by substantial clinical heterogeneity across motor and extramotor domains, yet how different neuroimaging modalities jointly relate to this heterogeneity remains poorly understood. Prior ALS neuroimaging studies have largely...

Interpretable and Calibrated Classification of Clinical Data Using Supervised Feature Binarization

Black-box models limit the adoption of artificial intelligence in medicine because their predictions are difficult to interpret and reproduce. We present a statistically grounded framework for interpretable, rule-based clinical classification using the Bernoulli Naïve Bayes (BNB)...

Association Between Genetic Ancestry and Multiple Sclerosis Severity

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether genetic ancestry is associated with differences in the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Participants with MS living in the United Kingdom >18 years old were recruited from 2021 to 2025 and genotyp...

Theta oscillations, epileptogenesis, and focal seizures in rodent models of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Theta oscillations (4-12 Hz) are a prominent network rhythm within hippocampal and parahippocampal structures. Driven by cholinergic and γ-aminobutyric acidergic inputs originating from the medial septum, physiological theta gates network excitability to control spatial navigatio...

Integrative plasma proteomic network analysis identifies physical activity-associated protein modules potentially mediating type 2 diabetes risk

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Identifying protein modules that mediate this association may help dissect these biological underpinnings, but they remain incompletely characterized. We studied 28,842 diabetes-free UK Bioban...

Perceived pleasantness mediates the effects of high-arousal and emotionally complex music on pain

ABSTRACT: Music effectively reduces pain, yet the mechanisms underlying music-induced hypoalgesia remain poorly understood. We investigated how latent perceptual dimensions of music influence pain by examining both stimulus properties and subjective evaluations of those propertie...

BetaII-spectrin gaps and patches emerge from the patterned assembly of the actin/spectrin membrane skeleton in human motor neuron axons

The actin/spectrin membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS) is a cytoskeletal structure that supports axonal integrity and function. Lower spinal motor neurons (MNs) are characterized by exceptionally long axons and are particularly susceptible to degeneration in a wide range...

Robust inference and correlates from genetic associations with personality

Personality traits describe stable differences in how people think, feel and behave, and how they interact with and experience their social and physical environments1,2. Many questions remain unanswered about associations between DNA and personality traits, such as their robustne...

Human cortical networks trade communication efficiency for computational reliability

Brains are often described as cost-efficient communication networks, optimally balancing the cost of long connections with the benefits of fast communication. Here, inspired by the "use it or lose it" principle, we present a novel game-theoretic model of self-organizing neural un...

Reflex seizures and epilepsy surgery: A network approach case‐based exploration

Abstract Context Reflex seizures (RS) are defined by their consistent provocation by specific stimuli, encompassing a broad range from elementary sensory inputs to complex cognitive tasks. While RS are often encountered in clinical practice, their surgical management remains spar...

Anatomical white matter tracts span the cortical hierarchy to support cognitive diversity

Long-range white matter (WM) tracts support cognition by enabling communication between distant cortical regions, which are organized along a hierarchy defined by the sensorimotor-to-association (S-A) axis. However, it remains unknown how WM tracts are positioned within the corti...

Calbindin stratifies midbrain dopaminergic neurons governing distinct aspects of locomotion

Despite advances in delineating the molecular diversity and projection patterns of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, subtype-specific contributions to motor learning and movement execution remain poorly defined. Here, we applied intersectional ablation and inhibitory chemogenetics...

A community-validated tool for clinical outcome calculation in multiple sclerosis: Consensus development and scenario-specific recommendations

Background: Reproducibility and comparability of disability outcomes remain major challenges in multiple sclerosis (MS) research. Definitions of disability progression vary widely across studies, and calculation criteria are often insufficiently documented to enable replication....

PD-1 regulates CD4+ T cell-mediated CD8+ T cell responses in the brain to balance viral control and neuroinflammation

Abstract Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed by T cells during progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a life-threatening brain disease caused by the human-only JC polyomavirus. Why PD-1 blockade finds variable success in PML patients is unclear. Brain C...

Longitudinal progression, metrics, age-dependence, and modifiers of ataxia severity in SCA27B: a multicentre study of 219 patients

Background Spinocerebellar Ataxia 27B (SCA27B) is a novel, frequent and likely treatable late-onset autosomal-dominant ataxia caused by GAA repeat-expansions in FGF14 . For understanding disease evolution and imminent trial planning, metrics of the most widely used clinical outco...

Triple potentiator combinations increase the functional correction of several CFTR gating mutants

The Trikafta drug combination, comprising the corrector tezacaftor (VX-661), the potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770) and the dual corrector/potentiator elexacaftor (VX-445), has been FDA-approved for treatment of cystic fibrosis caused by ~300 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance...