Max Planck Society

Citation accuracy, citation noise, and citation bias: a foundation of citation analysis

Abstract Citation analysis is widely used in research evaluation to assess the impact of scientific papers. These analyses rest on the assumption that citation decisions by authors are accurate, representing the flow of knowledge from cited to citing papers. However, in practice,...

Coordination-Controlled Stability of Pd Single-Atom Catalysts under Electrochemical Conditions

Abstract Single-atom catalysts (SACs) maximize atom utilization and site-specificity for diverse chemical and electrochemical transformations. While activity and selectivity have been optimized through advanced synthetic methods, the electrochemical stability of SACs remains insu...

Resolving the LiFePO4 Battery State beyond Voltage-Based Diagnostics Using Surface-Scan MRI

Reliable assessment of state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) in commercial batteries remains a major challenge because their closed architecture obscures the underlying electrochemical, structural, and thermal processes, while existing diagnostic methods often provide o...

Increasing the (Re)Activity of MgO for Carbon Capture under Continuous Ball Milling

Abstract Carbon capture and storage from point emission sources is a crucial technology able to mitigate the progress of climate change by slowing down the emission of greenhouse gases. Current technologies, such as amine scrubbing and calcium looping, face challenges including h...

Autoinducer-2 functions as both a quorum-sensing and metabolic signal in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Bacteria integrate diverse environmental signals to coordinate behavior, yet the relationship between nutrient sensing and quorum sensing (QS) remains incompletely understood. Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is unique among QS signals in that its production is tightly linked to cen...

Performance optimisation of tokamak operation in ASDEX Upgrade through novel feedback control capabilities

Abstract Optimising the performance of tokamak operation is not only a matter of tuning individual control loops, but needs a holistic approach with a focus on the effective interplay of all control system components. The ASDEX Upgrade Discharge Control System (DCS) has enabled o...

Transcription pause and elongation regulators mediate somatic hypermutation

Somatic hypermutation (SHM) creates point mutations in the variable regions of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells to support antibody affinity maturation1. SHM is initiated by activation-induced deaminase (AID), and the single-stranded DNA substrate of this cytosine deamin...

Distribution and voltage dependence of ion channels shape single-neuron computations

Voltage-gated ion channels do not distribute evenly in the plasma membrane of a neuron; they localize to distinct domains where they govern the excitability of the cell and the computations it performs. Informed by electron microscopic reconstructions, models of morphologically r...

A rapid shift in migration schedule of an Austral shorebird is linked to a changing southern climate oscillation

Global climate change is reshaping the schedules and routes of migratory birds, which can disrupt annual cycles, ecological interactions and the fitness trade‐offs of migrating or staying resident. In particular, climate change has led to advances in arrival at the breeding groun...

Borosulfates Hosting Se 4 2+ Ions—Crystal Structures, Chemical Bonding, Optical Spectroscopy, and Magnetism

ABSTRACT Despite consistent growth in the number of compounds known to host homo‐ and hetero polycations of group 16 elements, only two, Se 4 [HS 2 O 7 ] 2 and Se 4 [S 4 O 13 ], provided an exclusively oxidic coordination environment, the former being the first structural charact...

The series Cs 3+2 n [ M O 4 ]O n ( M = Nb, Ta; n = 1, 2) with isolated tetrahedral oxidometalate anions [ M O 4 ] 3−

Abstract Four new compounds, Cs 5 [ M O 4 ]O and Cs 7 [ M O 4 ]O 2 with M = Nb, Ta were synthesised as serendipitous products from the reaction of Cs 3 O with HgO in Nb or Ta crucibles. They contain tetrahedral [ M O 4 ] 3 − ${\left[\mathit{M}{\text{O}}_{4}\right]}^{3-}$ oxidomet...

Visible light leaves evaporation and interfacial structure of neat water unchanged at the air–water interface

Visible light-induced “photomolecular” enhancement of water evaporation has been proposed as a fundamentally new mode of light–matter interaction at aqueous interfaces, with far-reaching implications for climate processes and light-driven water technologies. Yet, the response of...

Fully internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction methods as efficient tools for the calculation of exchange couplings in organic biradicals

The accurate computation of magnetic exchange interactions in organic biradicals often requires computationally demanding multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) methods. However, the large configuration spaces associated with uncontracted approaches limit their applicat...

IdentifyingQuantum Tunneling at Ambient Temperaturethrough Rate–Driving Force Responsiveness

Abstract Quantum mechanical tunneling can strongly influence chemical reactivity, yet its experimental identification remains limited. Here we derive a new diagnostic principle: tunneling leaves a distinct signature in the rate-driving force relationship. We show that tunneling r...

Perceived Livelihood Vulnerabilities of Artisanal Fishers in Elmina, Ghana, in Relation to Chinese‐Controlled Industrial Trawling

ABSTRACT This study examines the perceived livelihood vulnerabilities reported by artisanal fishers in Elmina, Ghana, in relation to Chinese‐controlled industrial trawling. Using a mixed‐methods design, it combined eight in‐depth interviews, 12 mini‐group discussions, informal co...