Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit

Mukaria sakaeratensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), a new species of bamboo leafhopper from Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand

. The holotype has been deposited in the Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Thailand.

The anthropogenic fingerprint on emerging infectious diseases

Abstract Emerging infectious diseases are a hallmark of the Anthropocene 1,2 . Human-driven ecosystem changes and human–wildlife–livestock contact can drive the emergence of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases 3–5 , but how much these processes shape landscapes of outbreak risk is...

Modelling the impact of improving access to healthcare on hepatitis B prevalence in the Thai–Myanmar border region

Abstract In Thailand, hepatitis B remains endemic despite a strong elimination programme. Four neighbouring countries, with higher hepatitis B prevalence, contribute to over 90% of the migrant workforce in Thailand, and 75% migrant workers are from Myanmar. Access to healthcare f...

Bridging historical antigenic profiling and whole-genome taxonomy in Rickettsia

Abstract Historically, rickettsial diseases were classified primarily through antigenic profiling and serotyping, an approach that was later superseded by molecular taxonomy and phylogenetics. Recent advances in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have revealed substantial taxonomic am...

Integrative molecular identification and mitochondrial genetic diversity of cryptic Anopheles vectors in malaria hotspots of northwestern Thailand

The Anopheles barbirostris complex comprises several sibling species capable of transmitting malaria and lymphatic filariasis and is increasingly recognised as a potential contributor to residual malaria transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). However, the morphologic...

Environmental and host-associated determinants of microbiome variation in the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus linnaei in Thailand

Abstract Background The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus linnaei , is an important vector of veterinary and zoonotic pathogens worldwide. The composition of the tick-associated microbiome may influence tick physiology, adaptation, and vector competence; however, factors shaping the...

Community perceptions, trust, and experiences of malaria clinical research and participation in rural Cambodia

INTRODUCTION: Understanding community perspectives on malaria treatment and research participation is important for designing ethically appropriate community engagement strategies, strengthening informed consent, and improving the conduct of clinical research while supporting dis...

A novel framework for quantifying the clinical impact of substandard and falsified antimicrobials: Application to typhoid fever

Substandard and falsified (SF) medicines are a neglected public health threat, with an estimated 7% of antimicrobials in low- and middle-income countries being SF. However, quantifying their clinical impact remains challenging. We developed a general framework for estimating popu...

Artificial intelligence tools in sepsis prediction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Machine learning (ML) models have been used to improve diagnosis of sepsis, but their effectiveness is uncertain. We aimed to systematically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ML models for sepsis prediction through a systematic review and network meta-analys...

Human scFv inhibiting broad coronavirus replication: a pandemic preparedness candidate

The ongoing emergence of zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs) and the rapid evolution of viral variants underscore the need for broadly active antiviral agents. The relatively conserved S2 subunit of the coronavirus spike protein is an attractive target for developing pan-coronavirus th...

Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination and reduced severity-related outcomes in high-risk groups in Thailand during the Omicron period

Despite the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccination, individuals with comorbidities continue to experience disproportionately severe COVID-19 disease and adverse outcomes. Evidence on associations between vaccination status and clinical outcomes among high-risk gr...

Serum decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) concentrations and associations with clinical parameters in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Decoy receptor (DcR3) is a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with immunomodulatory properties that is elevated in several inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, its role in malaria remains poorly understood. This study investigated serum DcR...

Ruling In and Ruling Out Sepsis Using Likelihood Ratios of a Host Response Assay

Overview: SeptiCyte RAPID is an FDA-cleared gene expression test that quantifies host immune response to aid in the diagnosis of sepsis. The test yields a score (the SeptiScore) ranging from 0–15, distributed across four bands (1–4) based on increased likelihood of sepsis. Each b...