Leibniz University Hannover

Indirect Detection of Novichok Nerve Agents A-230, A-232, and A-234 by Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Limitations of Hydrolysis-Based Marker Strategies

Abstract Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is widely used for on-site detection of chemical warfare agents due to its high sensitivity and rapid response times. While volatile G-series nerve agents can be detected directly in the gas phase, detection of low-volatility agents such a...

Anthropogenic compound inputs decouple particulate and mineral-associated carbon pools in soils of a tropical urban agroecosystem

Urban soils accumulate diverse anthropogenic compounds (hereafter ACs). Yet, AC accumulation and its influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remain poorly constrained. Here, we investigate how urbanisation-derived ACs affect SOC pools and composition in 618 arable topsoil...

Artefact‐aware Brillouin microscopy framework for root mechanical phenotyping

Plant roots continuously sense and respond to the mechanical signals of their growth environment: root cap function, mucilage secretion, and hormonal regulation jointly adapt root tip mechanics, shaping whether roots penetrate compacted layers or reorient around obstacles. Most c...

Cohesive-frictional interphase failure modeling for multi-material topology optimization

This work presents a cohesive-frictional interphase failure modeling approach for density-based multi-material topology optimization. As the multi-phase transition region is naturally represented as a finite-thickness interphase within the density-based framework, we assess its f...

Hochschild cohomology of Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces

Abstract We compute the Hochschild cohomology of Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces and observe that it is, in general, not determined solely by the Hochschild cohomology of the surface, but by its “Hochschild–Serre cohomology” – the bigraded vector space obtained by taking Ho...

Diving deep into uterine layers: ADC and IVIM at 0.55-T MRI

Abstract Objective To investigate and analyze the microstructure of uterine layers and to evaluate the feasibility and physiological variability of uterine diffusion metrics at 0.55-T MRI in healthy volunteers and participants with adenomyosis. Materials and methods In this prosp...

Road transport of trapped antiprotons

Abstract Low-energy antiprotons confined in ultrahigh-vacuum Penning traps 1 enable precision investigations of charge, parity and time-reversal (CPT) invariance 2 to test the fundamental symmetry between matter and antimatter. These studies are driven by the search for physics b...

Rotationally-Continuous Operators on the Fock Space

Abstract We study operators on the Fock space for which conjugation by the rotation operators induces a continuous action of the circle group. We prove that this class of operators can be identified with the space of band-dominated operators on $$\ell ^2({\mathbb {N}}_0)$$ ℓ 2 (...

A Scale-Adaptive Framework for Building Generalization via Instruction-Guided Diffusion and Geometry-Aware Vectorization

Abstract Map generalization aims to adapt detailed geospatial data to visualization at different map scales while preserving legibility and geometric consistency. Recent learning-based approaches have shown promising results, but they typically require training separate models fo...

On-demand inverse design of metamaterials via denoising diffusion probabilistic models

Abstract The nonlinear and non-unique relationship between unit-cell topology and bandgap properties motivates the development of complementary data-driven approaches for metamaterial inverse design. This work presents a conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM)-...

How to train your slop cannon: A short guide to using large language models for research in the natural sciences

Large Language Models are transforming mathematics and the physical sciences, allowing scientists to explore ideas quickly and raise their sights to grand challenges. But they also produce plausible but wrong text at industrial scale. Staying afloat in this torrent of slop requir...

Linking microbial community composition of three rootstock genotypes to apple replant disease susceptibility

Abstract Background Apple replant disease (ARD) is a worldwide issue of complex biotic origin. The exact aetiology has yet to be fully elucidated and environmentally friendly and economically feasible countermeasures are sparse. The breeding of tolerant apple rootstock genotypes...

Stochastic neural networks for quantum devices

Abstract This work presents a formulation to express and optimize stochastic neural networks as quantum circuits in gate-based quantum computing. Motivated by a classical perceptron, stochastic artificial neurons are introduced and combined into a quantum neural network. The Kief...

TIS subsystems and modes of innovation: the case of hydrogen-powered aviation

Recent technological advancements in hydrogen-powered aviation are significantly influenced by start-up companies, despite substantial market entry barriers. To investigate the role of these emerging actors in the sustainability transition of the aviation sector, we compare the i...

Obtaining Scintrex CG6 Gravimeter Scale Factors with an Uncertainty Below $${1\cdot 10}^{-5}$$ in the Zugspitze Gravimeter Calibration System

Abstract Transportable spring gravimeters have many applications besides exploration geophysics and potential field determination, such as time-lapse measurements in hydrology and volcanology. For maximum accuracy, the time-dependent scale factor of each gravimeter must be determ...

Refining the average µ182W and µ142Nd compositions of the Archean to Proterozoic upper crust

The chemical composition of siliciclastic rocks provided key insights into the chemical composition of the upper continental crust and was suggested to record the onset of modern-style plate tectonics by ∼3.0 Ga. Recent studies aiming to establish the crustal µ 182 W and µ 142 Nd...

BeVerA-KG: Behaviour-Driven Design-Time Verification of Neuro-Symbolic Agents via Knowledge Graphs for Trustworthy Humanitarian Edge Systems

Runtime guardrails for LLM agents enforce safety per individual action at execution time, but fail to verify the reachable state space before deployment. We present BeVerA-KG, a behaviour-driven framework that shifts verification to design time. Stakeholder-authored Gherkin scena...

Model-based comparison of latency estimation methods for the pupillary light reflex

Abstract Accurate estimation of pupillary light reflex (PLR) latency is important in clinical and research settings, yet reported results are often difficult to compare due to differences in hardware, sampling rates, and analysis methods. This study introduces a systematic and re...

Feed rate modulation for filling macroscopic surface pores in directed energy deposition: an experimental evaluation using boreholes as representative geometries

Abstract Investigating new opportunities in additive manufacturing (AM) with porous substrate materials aims to create multifunctional parts. For instance, a porous core can reduce the weight of a part or enhance its damping properties. Meanwhile, the tracks created by laser-base...

Photon trapping in a time cavity flying at the speed of light

Abstract A refractive index step, moving at the speed of light, can serve as a trap for weak light waves. Here we shed light on highly unusual features of such trapping, making it fundamentally different from conventional “resting” cavities. First, such trapping can be described...