Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Engineering ordered two-dimensional defect phases to strengthen structural alloys

Defects in crystals are usually considered to be consequences of deformation, but they can also be engineered as strengthening features. Planar defects can strengthen structural alloys but usually form only during deformation or service, limiting control over their density, stabi...

Laboratory Measurements of Energy Partitioning and Anomalous Electron Heating in Magnetized, Perpendicular Collisionless Shocks

Abstract We present laboratory results on energy partitioning from supercritical, magnetized collisionless shock experiments ( M A ∼ 8, M ms ∼ 4). We report the first observation of fully developed laboratory shocks that evolve for more than seven upstream ion gyroperiods and hav...

Stellar blend image classification using computationally efficient Gaussian processes

Stellar blends, where two or more stars appear blended in an image, pose a significant visualization challenge in astronomy. Traditionally, distinguishing these blends from single stars has been costly and resource-intensive, involving sophisticated equipment and extensive expert...

Microbial Degradation of Lignin Generates Iron-Binding Organic Ligands

Abstract The association of organic carbon (OC) with iron (Fe) minerals is a primary mechanism governing soil OC persistence, yet the molecular agents mediating Fe–OC binding remain poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrated that microbial degradation of lignin, one of the ma...

Second quantization of the nonlinear Vlasov–Poisson system for quantum computation

Abstract Current quantum algorithms for plasma physics require linearized systems, and quantum algorithms for nonlinear systems are highly system-specific. Second quantization, which is system-agnostic, has the exceptional capacity to render many systems suitable for quantum comp...

Methods for Rapid and Smart Characterization of Vanadium Oxide Thin Films and Thermally Aged Samples Using Raman Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

Vanadium oxides (VOxs) are technologically important materials because of their versatile properties, including a reversible metal-insulator transition. However, the complex vanadium-oxygen phase diagram includes numerous stable stoichiometries and metastable polymorphs, making m...

Investigating Buoyant Plume Dynamics Induced by Localized Fire‐Simulated Heating Over Plant Canopies Using LES

Abstract Plume interaction with a forest canopy results in flow features distinct from those in grasslands. Here, we model the turbulence dynamics of a buoyant plume in a homogeneous plant canopy with a crosswind using Large‐Eddy Simulations. As the plume interacts with the cross...

AMReX-Codes/pyamrex: 26.10

Dependencies AMReX: 26.10 pybind11: 3.0.4 Python: 3.11 - 3.14 What's Changed Fix Sphinx Stubs & Autogen by @ax3l in https://github.com/AMReX-Codes/pyamrex/pull/618 PODVector from_array by @ax3l in https://github.com/AMReX-Codes/pyamrex/pull/580 Release: pyAMReX 26.10 by @EZoni in...

Modulated deuteron spectra observed with the magnetic recoil neutron spectrometer at the National Ignition Facility

The Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer (MRS) at the National Ignition Facility is used to measure the neutron spectrum from deuterium–tritium-fuelled inertial confinement fusion implosions via neutron–deuteron elastic scattering and magnetic dispersion of recoil deuterons. From the MRS...

Nuclear recoil Migdal effect in liquid xenon dark matter experiments

The Migdal effect predicts that a nuclear recoil (NR) can be accompanied by detectable atomic ionization or excitation signals, even at the low energies expected from interactions of sub-GeV dark matter particles with atomic nuclei. Liquid xenon-based dark matter experiments have...

An Explicit Energy-Conserving Particle Method for the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck Equation

Abstract. We propose an explicit particle method for the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck equation that conserves energy at the fully discrete level. The method features two key components: a deterministic and conservative particle discretization for the nonlinear Fokker–Planck operator (als...

A new half-life for 146Sm: Implications for lunar chronology

The timescales and mechanisms of early mantle-crust differentiation on the terrestrial planets and the Moon are often investigated using the 146 Sm- 142 Nd chronometer. Ages derived for the formation of lunar basalt source regions from this system based on the traditional 103 Ma...

Bacteriophages in Antarctic Subglacial Lakes Reveal Novel Biodiversity and Biogeochemical Potential

Abstract Of the more than 600 subglacial lakes identified in Antarctica thus far, Whillans Subglacial Lake (SLW) and Mercer Subglacial Lake (SLM) are the only lakes to have been directly and cleanly sampled. Although hydrologically isolated from direct marine contact for approxim...

The Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment model-observation intercomparison project (COMBLE-MIP) – Part 1: Model specification, observational constraints, and preliminary findings

Models struggle to represent the coupled microphysical, turbulent and radiative processes within widespread, long-lived marine cold-air outbreak (CAO) cloud fields, contributing to forecast and climate biases. Here we combine ground-based and satellite measurements to initialize...

The Climate Model Output Rewriter (CMOR)

Features User input files can now override the source, experiment, and institution global-attribute values when those attributes are not required by the controlled vocabulary. (#988, #995) Added CMIP7 site dimension examples for Python, Fortran, and C, including their generated N...

The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) contribution to CMIP7

Cloud processes constitute one of the key uncertainties for climate change projections. The fourth iteration of the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project, CFMIP4, contributes to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 7 (CMIP7), by providing a set of global climate...

Ultrahigh flow strength in shocked nanopolycrystalline diamond

Extreme pressures and temperatures create conditions that allow even hard and brittle materials to flow plastically. Despite extensive research, the limits of flow strength under such conditions remain uncertain, and the mechanisms driving deformation at the relevant stresses are...

Extratropical teleconnections in a multi-model ensemble nudged towards the observed QBO

The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the dominant mode of interannual variability of monthly-mean zonal winds and temperatures in the equatorial stratosphere, has a significant influence on the circulation in other regions of the stratosphere and troposphere in boreal winter. To...

Dopant-Level Cobalt as an Electronic Promoter Stabilizes NiOOH for the Efficient Electrochemical Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA)

Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a promising route to biobased polymers using Ni-based hydroxide anodes. Although Co incorporation enhances performance, its mechanistic role in HMF oxidation remains un...

Development of a Ca-K-Li-RE-Cl (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) rare-earth molten salt database: RE-Cl and CaCl2-RECl3 binary systems

During molten salt electrolysis of rare earths, the presence of multiple oxidation states of the rare earths can greatly affect Faradaic yields. The stability of these different oxidation states can be controlled by the composition of the molten salt. To assess the stability of t...