King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

From Language Models to Agentic AI: A Survey of Autonomous, Action-Enabled, and Collaborative LLM Agents

Large Language Model (LLM)–based agents are rapidly evolving from passive assistants into autonomous, tool-using, and collaborative systems capable of executing complex, long-horizon tasks across web, software, and physical environments. However, the current literature remains fr...

Coordinated optimization of electric vehicle charging infrastructure and reactive power compensation in active distribution networks with V2G services

This work presents an innovative strategy to augment the efficiency and profitability of electrical distribution networks (DNs) in the context of increasing plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) acceptance. The method focuses on the optimal assignment of PEV charging stations and capaci...

Fundamental Insights Toward Efficient Hydrogen Storage: Materials Design Considerations in Nanostructured and Polymer–Hybrid Systems

Hydrogen is a promising alternative energy source as the world moves toward decarbonization by reducing reliance on traditional fossil fuels. This review encompasses a comprehensive study of emerging materials for hydrogen storage, beginning with the physical and thermodynamic pr...

Collaborative green technology investment and production delivery policy for a dual-channel supply chain under centralized decision making

The growing demand for environmentally responsible products has challenged dual-channel retailing and necessitates innovative policies that align economic and environmental objectives. This study introduces a coordinated production–delivery framework that optimizes green technolo...

Integrated optimization for least-cost, low-emission electricity pathways: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

This paper analyses least-cost, low-emission electricity pathways for Saudi Arabia over 2018–2040. Using the LEAP modelling framework, four supply pathways are evaluated under a common electricity demand trajectory reaching 640.2 TWh by 2040, requiring approximately 707.4 TWh of...

Interfacial Engineeringof Carbene-FunctionalizedZIF-90 Porous Liquid-like Dispersion-Based Mixed Matrix Membranesfor Enhanced Ethanol Recovery via Pervaporation

Abstract Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are promising for overcoming the permeability–selectivity limitations of polymeric membranes, yet their performance is often restricted by filler aggregation and interfacial defects at high loadings. Here, we introduce ZIF-90 in a porous liq...

Can artificial intelligence improve precision dosing? a systematic review of narrow therapeutic index drugs

Abstract Background Precision dosing of narrow therapeutic index drugs remains challenging because of substantial interindividual variability and the narrow margin between therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Artificial intelligence (AI)–based approaches may improve individualized...

Enhancing Drone Light Shows Performances: Optimal Allocation and Trajectories for Swarm Drone Formations

ABSTRACT Drone light shows (DLShows) represent a rapidly growing application of swarm robotics, creating captivating aerial displays through the synchronized flight of hundreds or thousands of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as environmentally friendly and reusable alternatives t...

Advanced Sustainable Process Integration and Comprehensive Techno-Economic Evaluation of Polystyrene Waste Upcycling into Methanol as a Clean Alternative Fuel

This study presents an integrated and sustainable approach for the valorization of polystyrene (PS) plastic waste into methanol, contributing to circular carbon utilization and waste-to-fuel strategies. Two simulation models were developed in Aspen plus. In Case 1, PS is converte...

Confusing and Challenging Negative Proposals Mining for Few-Shot SAR Ship Detection Based on Uncertainty Estimation

Deep-learning-based few-shot synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship detection has demonstrated considerable potential in scenarios with limited annotated samples and dynamically emerging ship categories, closely matching the practical requirements of maritime surveillance and intell...

BAM: A physics-informed self-supervised framework for near-real-time wildfire burned area mapping from multi-source earth observation

The operational monitoring of global wildfires is frequently constrained by the delayed availability of reliable reference labels, the latency of standard surface reflectance products, and spectral confusion between charred biomass and naturally dark surfaces. These limitations a...

Frobenius-Polynomial Second-Order Linear Differential Equations: Structure and Recognition in the Real-Indicial Case

We study equations y′′+P(x)y′+Q(x)y=0, with P,Q∈C(x), that admit two linearly independent local solutions y1=xrA(x) and y2=xsB(x) at the regular singular point 0, where A and B are polynomials and A(0)B(0)≠0. We call these Frobenius-polynomial type (FP) equations and focus on the...

Investment under uncertainty: asymmetric responses to exchange rate and volatility in the G7 countries

Purpose This study aims to examine the symmetric and asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes and exchange rate volatility on domestic investment in G7 economies. It investigates whether currency appreciations and depreciations and increases and decreases in volatility exert d...

An Integrated explainable machine learning framework for pavement condition assessment and maintenance prioritization: A Saudi Arabian case study

Abstract Effective pavement condition assessment is critical for maintaining durable, safe, and well-performing road networks, particularly in arid regions such as Saudi Arabia, where heavy traffic loading, high temperatures, and surface distress accelerate pavement deterioration...

Temporal Fusion Transformer for Fracture Evolution Prediction in Hot Dry Rock Hydraulic Fracturing

Hot dry rock (HDR) represents a highly promising sustainable clean energy resource for the future, with the fracture network induced by hydraulic fracturing serving as the cornerstone for thermal energy extraction efficiency. However, conventional numerical simulation tools are c...

Fostering Circularity Through Digital Leadership: Mediation of FinTech and Moderation of Environmental Turbulence and Organizational Agility

ABSTRACT Unsustainable consumption and production practices threaten global economic stability and ecosystems, creating an urgent need for circular economy ( CE ) adoption. However, implementing CE practices remains challenging, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)....

Semantic‐Aware UAV‐IRS Control for Cooperative V2X Perception Using Label‐Derived Context

ABSTRACT Cooperative V2X perception requires timely, reliable delivery of perception‐critical packets, especially when occlusion, dense traffic, and vulnerable road users increase scene risk. Existing UAV‐assisted intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) studies mainly optimize chann...

Enhanced stellar oscillation algorithm for optimal design of inudstrial components

Abstract This paper introduces the Modified Stellar Oscillation Optimizer (MSOA) for constrained industrial design problems. The base optimizer, which models the pulsation and oscillatory behavior of stars, is hybridized with chaotic maps. MSOA is tested on five constrained engin...

Impact of surface division and zone characteristics on outdoor surface temperature modeling with EnergyPlus

Several graphical user interface (GUI) tools used by energy modelers are powered by EnergyPlus, a widely recognized building energy modeling engine. Recent advancements in these tools have improved the creation of building geometries for energy modeling. Ladybug Tools, a Grasshop...

Advances inThin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) ReverseOsmosis Membranes for Desalination and Boron Removal

Abstract Thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have emerged as a versatile platform for advancing desalination performance beyond conventional salt rejection. Among neutral solutes, boron remains the most persistent challenge, as its dominant species in sea...