Kawasaki Medical School

A novel machine-learning model using nuclear features to predict upper tract urothelial carcinoma recurrence

Abstract Upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is rare, constitutes < 5% of urothelial cancers, and, given its insidious clinical presentation, is typically diagnosed at advanced stages; post-radical nephroureterectomy recurrence remains challenging. Postoperative management is...

Intravascular imaging in myocardial infarction and ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries

Abstract Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and angina or ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA) are heterogeneous syndromes that cannot be adequately characterized by coronary angiography alone. Optical coherence tomography...

X-linked protocadherin-19 mosaicism induces abnormal sorting of the olfactory nerve

Abstract Axon guidance is a fundamental process in the development of the olfactory sensory system. Although contact-dependent mechanisms regulate the guidance of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons, it remains unclear how the X-linked mosaic expression of cell adhesion molecule...

Acute acquired comitant esotropia in the smartphone era: a narrative review

Abstract Purpose Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) has received increasing attention in the smartphone era, following numerous clinical reports suggesting an association with intensive and prolonged device use. However, it remains unclear whether smartphone use is a direct...

A multicenter phase II trial of ramucirumab plus irinotecan for early recurrence of gastric cancer during or after adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel plus S-1 therapy: the RAMIEL trial (OGSG1901)

Abstract Background There is currently no established chemotherapy regimen for early recurrence of pathological stage III gastric cancer (GC) following adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel plus S-1 (DS) after D2 gastrectomy. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ramucir...

Integrated Analysis of HER2 Expression and ERBB2 Alterations in Bladder Cancer

ABSTRACT Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer (BC), particularly with the advent of next‐generation antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) like trastuzumab deruxtecan (T‐DXd). However, the complex relationship be...

Demographic and clinical characteristics of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in renal vasculitis in the Japan renal biopsy registry

This study evaluated the clinical and demographic characteristics of biopsy-proven rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), with histological evidence of renal vasculitis. We focused on five vasculitis-related nephritides: MPO-ANCA, PR3-ANCA, anti-GBM, IgA vasculitis (IgAV)...

Impact of baseline renal function on the clinical outcomes and safety of adjuvant nivolumab in high-risk urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective real-world study

Abstract Background Adjuvant nivolumab prolongs disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) after radical surgery; however, evidence in those with reduced baseline renal function is limited. We investigated the impact of baseline creatinine clearance (C...

Development of a prognostic model for elderly patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line immuno-oncology combination therapy.

BACKGROUND: In the era of immuno-oncology (IO) combination therapy, prognostic tools for elderly patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are lacking. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors in elderly patients and evaluate a novel risk model using...

Multiancestry genome-wide association and multiomics analyses elucidate spatiocellular features of multiple sclerosis genetics

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination disseminated in space and time. Here we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 688 MS cases and 205,199 controls from the Japanese population and...

Glucocorticoids directly inhibit insulin biosynthesis via the glucocorticoid receptor in pancreatic β-cells

Glucocorticoids induce hyperglycemia by promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis and impairing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. However, their direct effects on pancreatic β-cells remained poorly understood. This study investigated whether glucocorticoids directly impair insul...

Association Between PS-OCT Derived Polarimetric Entropy and RPE Cellular Metrics Measured With Adaptive Optics Imaging in Retinitis Pigmentosa

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between entropy values derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) and RPE cellular metrics obtained by adaptive optics transsclera...

Meta‐Analysis: Prevalence of Non‐ Helicobacter pylori , Non‐ NSAID Peptic Ulcer Disease

BACKGROUND: Non-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), non-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is increasingly recognized as a distinct subgroup, but its proportion across clinical presentations remains unclear. AIM: We aimed to estimate this proporti...

Clinical Impact of Gleason Pattern 5 on Doublet Versus Triplet Therapy in Metastatic Hormone‐Sensitive Prostate Cancer

BACKGROUND: Upfront treatment intensification with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor has become a standard approach for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). However, prognosis remains poor for some patients despite sec...