Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

The need for uncertainty: why probabilistic LSTMs are key to improving flood predictions and enabling learned warning rules

Abstract. Deterministic model predictions can struggle to adequately capture extreme events such as floods and droughts, which are of particular relevance in hydrology. This limitation arises because deterministic models collapse the conditional runoff distribution to a single po...

Hydrogen staging effects on flame stability and emissions in a fuel-flexible combustor

This study investigates the impact of fuel split between Jet-A1 and H 2 in a novel low-swirl combustor designed for low NO x emissions and flashback resistance. The combustor combines airblast atomization for Jet-A1 with H 2 injection in a jet-in-crossflow configuration. Full and...

Estimating Shear Strength Parameters of Clay and Weak Rocks Using Needle Penetration Tests

ABSTRACT Weak and clay-bearing rocks and soils are highly abundant worldwide. They are currently being investigated for their suitability for deep geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste. For this purpose, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, and shea...

Biomass Burning in Australia: No Evidence for Carbonyl Sulfide (OCS) Enhancement in Fire Plumes From In‐Situ Measurements During SouthTRAC

Abstract Determining the atmospheric abundance and the emission sources of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) plays a crucial role for the sulfur budget in the atmosphere. In addition to its main anthropogenic and biogenic sources, biomass burning is assumed to be an essential, but not well...

NMSSMScanner: Efficient scans in the NMSSM parameter space proof of concept

We present the first version of the new scanning tool NMSSMScanner that allows to perform efficient scans in the complex multi-parameter space of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (NMSSM) while taking into account all relevant constraints. As a pr...

A composite-based analysis of the dynamical linkage of atmospheric rivers, warm conveyor belts, and extratropical cyclones

Abstract. Extratropical cyclones (ETCs), warm conveyor belts (WCBs), and atmospheric rivers (ARs) are dynamically connected features key to understand midlatitude weather and hydroclimate. However, the precise spatial and temporal coupling between the moisture transport in ARs an...

Optical properties and shape-dependent retrievals of the imaginary part of the refractive index of freshly emitted Saharan dust

Abstract. Mineral dust is a major contributor to atmospheric aerosols and plays a complex role in Earth’s radiation budget. However, large uncertainties remain in quantifying its direct radiative effects (DRE), primarily due to poorly constrained absorption properties. Most estim...

Silyl Chloroalkenyl and Alkynyl Sulfur Pentafluorides as Versatile Reagents to Access Fundamental SF5 Building Blocks

Abstract Herein, we report a second-generation SF5-alkenyl platform reagent granting facile benchtop access to a variety of known and unknown SF5-containing building blocks under mild conditions without any necessity to use pentafluorosulfanylation reagents, such as SF5Cl, on-sit...

Stratosphere–troposphere exchange and surface ozone pollution over tropical regions: a case study of Rossby wave breaking and tropopause folding

Abstract. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) is a key process by which ozone-rich stratospheric air enters the troposphere, influencing surface air quality. This study analyses an atypical STE event over North America between 6 and 14 March 2016, coinciding with a Phase I oz...

Synoptic and regional-scale meteorological controls of stratus altitude in the Namib Desert

Abstract. In the Namib Desert, fog is an essential water source and occurs when and where advected marine stratus clouds intersect with the land surface. However, the meteorological controls of the cloud base height are still insufficiently understood. This study aims to develop...

Standing up for productivity: A pilot study of short workplace activity breaks and self-perceived work ability among administrative workers

Background Office-based work has increased occupational sitting time, a behavior associated with lower work ability and poorer well-being. Brief active breaks may help mitigate these effects, but evidence from real-world workplace interventions remains limited. Objective To evalu...

C-Pol: Point-Charge Perturbation Scheme for Mapping Tensor Moment Surfaces

Abstract Molecular polarizability tensors beyond the dipole–dipole level are key inputs to polarizable force fields, polarizable embedding, and machine-learned response models, yet routines to compute them exist in few quantum chemistry codes and are largely confined to atom-cent...

The enhanced capabilities of mid-infrared limb emission sounding to observe stratospheric aerosol injection geoengineering

Abstract. Using a model-based pseudo-reality (PR) future scenario and realistic pseudo-observations (POs) representative for a proposed satellite mission concept (CAIRT – the Changing-Atmosphere Infra-Red Tomography explorer), we analyse the capabilities of a high-spectral-resolu...

Addressing trust and distrust in artificial intelligence in newspaper texts

Abstract Trust in new technologies is often seen as a key condition for their implementation in everyday life, as the aim is for users to utilise technical innovations without strong reservations. The aspect of trust also plays a fundamental role in the discourse on Artificial In...

Foundations for Investigations of Agentic AI Systems from the Forensic Analysis of OpenClaw

Agentic AI systems are increasingly deployed as personal assistants and virtual employees, and are likely to become a common object of digital investigations and incident response. Yet little is known about how their internal state and actions can be reconstructed during forensic...

Porous coordination polymer-derived CeO2-SnO2@S-C heterojunction nanocomposite for supercapacitor and oxygen evolution reaction

Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) and derived nanocomposites have attained substantial attention for electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies owing to their tunable frameworks and favorable electrochemical characteristics. Here, we present a route for preparin...

NMR Spectroscopic Evidence for Magnetically Induced Ring Currents in All-Metal-Aromatic [Bi4]4+

Abstract Experimental assignment of aromaticity in all-metal systems remains challenging, particularly for heavy-element clusters, where local magnetic effects can obscure signatures of circular electron delocalization. Here, we investigate a supramolecularly stabilized, formally...

Raman Spectroscopy of Laser-Micro-Annealing-Induced Structural Changes in Ti-6Al-4V

This short study presents the results of micro-Raman investigations performed on the alloy Ti-6Al-4V, which was additively manufactured via metal fused filament fabrication (MF3). Local laser micro-annealing was applied at different power intensities to distinct regions. The appl...

Pore-scale modeling of capillary-driven binder migration during battery electrode drying

Sodium-ion batteries employing hard carbon electrodes are considered a drop-in technology for lithium-ion batteries. Electrode drying is a critical manufacturing step, as binder migration during pore emptying impacts the mechanical integrity and electrical performance of the elec...

The ECOSENSE forest: a distributed sensor and data management system for real-time monitoring of ecosystem processes and stresses

Abstract. Forests provide crucial ecosystem services, but are vulnerable to climate-related physical and biological stresses, such as droughts, pests and pathogens. The rapid climate change currently observed increases the pressure on forest ecosystems, with already drastic conse...