Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico

Effect of Aficamten on Cardiac Structure and Function in Patients with Symptomatic Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Aficamten significantly improved both functional capacity and patient-reported health status in patients with symptomatic nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled ACACIA-HCM trial (Assessment Comparing Aficamten to Place...

A multidimensionalMuscle quality index in severe bbesity: relationships with ageing, adiposity, and functional performance

Traditional anthropometric indicators such as body mass index (BMI) may inadequately capture functional muscular impairment in obesity. To investigate a multidimensional composite muscle quality index (MQI) integrating relative strength and lower-limb functional power in adults w...

Fatal waterhouse–friderichsen syndrome at autopsy: a systematic review and forensic diagnostic framework

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) represents a fulminant septic condition characterized by bilateral adrenal hemorrhage and rapid clinical deterioration. Although classically associated with meningococcal infection, fatal cases occur across multiple infectious etiologies and...

Salivary hormones and adipokines are associated with glycemic control and early renal and cardiometabolic markers in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes

Abstract Purpose Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is recognized as a complex metabolic condition associated with hormonal dysregulation and early complications. This study aimed to evaluate salivary metabolic hormones and adipokines in children and young adults with T1D, and to assess their...

Aficamten for Symptomatic Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common condition that is associated with substantial morbidity and no proven medical therapy. Whether treatment with aficamten, a cardiac myosin inhibitor, can benefit patients with this condition is unknown. METHO...

Clinical Relevance of Calcifications in Osteosarcoma Lung Metastases: Correlations Among Radiological Patterns, Histological Subtypes, and Chemotherapy Responses

Background/Objectives: Osteosarcoma is a rare malignancy and the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Metastases commonly affect the lungs and are associated with reduced life expectancy. Calcifications can be present within a metastatic nodule at baseline or can appear duri...

Global Efficacy of Aficamten in Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Results From ACACIA-HCM

BACKGROUND: Nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (nHCM) is associated with significant morbidity with no approved treatment. Aficamten is a cardiac myosin inhibitor targeting excess contractility and diastolic impairment, the predominant mechanism responsible for adverse ou...

Human nasal epithelial cells as an integrated platform for biomarker discovery, functional airway studies, and patient-specific stem cell generation

Abstract Studying epithelial dysfunction in respiratory diseases requires physiologically relevant human models that faithfully recapitulate airway structure and function. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) represent an accessible and clinically validated system, widely...

Development and Internal Validation of a Clinical Risk Score for Hypovitaminosis D in Italian Adults Aged ≥50 Years Attending Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease Centers

Background/Objectives: Hypovitaminosis-D is a highly prevalent condition worldwide, associated with adverse skeletal and extra-skeletal outcomes. Increasing demand for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) testing points toward the need for simple tools to identify individuals at r...

Tissue and Cerebral Biofluid Remodelling of tRNA-Derived Small RNA Signatures in Experimental and Human Epilepsy

Small noncoding RNAs are increasingly recognized as important regulators of gene expression in brain diseases including epilepsy. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) including tRNA fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNAs) are emerging as stable and regulated RNA species which respo...

Expert Consensus Develops Multidisciplinary Pathway for Cancer Pain Management in Italy: A Delphi Study

Background: Cancer pain remains highly prevalent and undertreated despite established guidelines. In Italy, Law 38/2010 mandates systematic pain assessment, yet only 26% of clinicians routinely evaluate pain at each clinical visit, and fewer than one-quarter have received formal...

Subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic caecorectal anastomosis versus total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis for refractory slow-transit constipation: a comparative analysis

Abstract In selected cases of slow-transit constipation (STC), total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (TC-IRA) remains the standard surgical treatment but is associated with heterogeneous outcomes and relevant functional sequelae. Subtotal colectomy with caecorectal anastomo...

Reproducibility of Cervical Strain Elastography Using a Standardized Acquisition Protocol in Mid‐Trimester Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the intra‐and interobserver reproducibility of the cervical elastography index (EI) measurements using strain elastography (SE) with a standardized acquisition protocol. Methods In this prospective cross‐sectional study, 301 women between 18 and 24...

Effectiveness of Therapeutic Sport Footwear in Prevention of Ulcer Recurrence in Persons with Diabetic Foot Disease

Recurrence of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) remains a major clinical challenge in patients with diabetes. Therapeutic footwear is a cornerstone of secondary prevention as it reduces plantar pressure and mechanical stress. However, most available evidence focuses on traditional orthop...

Cell senescence emerges as a hallmark and therapeutic target of chronic intracellular infection

<title>Abstract</title> Intracellular pathogens are ideal candidates for modelling the pathophysiology of chronic infection, as they hide within host cells and avoid conventional immune clearance through a controlled reshaping of cellular fate. This study unveils how the emerging...

Bad Blood: Navigating VTE Risk in Breast, Ovarian, and Endometrial Cancer

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is defined as venous or arterial thrombotic events occurring in patients with active malignancy or during anticancer treatment, most commonly presenting as venous thromboembolism and representing a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in onc...

Global Real‐World Outcomes of Olaparib in Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients With Homologous Recombination Repair Alterations

Evidence to guide the treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) gene alterations outside of clinical trials remains limited. This was an observational, cohort study, including mCRPC patients with...

Antimicrobial stewardship in practice: determinants of prescription behaviour and developing interventions to improve surgical prophylaxis in a Rwandan tertiary hospital—a mixed methods study using the behaviour change wheel

BACKGROUND: Behavioural sciences should be used to design and improve antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions aiming surgical prophylaxis (SP). METHODS: A mixed-methods study at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda. The study included an audit on SP practices...

Decoding the causes of ischemic stroke despite ongoing oral anticoagulation and their clinical impact: the ASPERA-R study

BACKGROUND: Oral anticoagulants (OACs), including vitamin K antagonists and direct OACs, reduce stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF), yet breakthrough ischemic stroke still occurs in 1-2% of patients annually despite adequate therapy. The mechanisms underlying these events rem...

Sigh ventilation versus conventional protective ventilation in cardiac surgery: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial

Lung protective ventilation is crucial for preventing ventilator-induced lung injury in cardiac surgery. The protective role of a low tidal volume (V T ) has been established, whereas the added protection afforded by lung recruitment remains uncertain. We investigated whether sig...