International Society of Nephrology

Gut Delivery of Pentameric GLP-1 Using Genetically Engineered Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and GLP-1 analogs are widely used for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and weight management, but current approaches can be limited by manufacturing complexity, cost, formulation requirements, and the need for repeated administratio...

Implementing Open Data Kit (ODK) for in-house evaluation of library business support programs

This paper introduces the use of Open Data Kit (ODK) for program evaluation in library business support initiatives. This article demonstrates the process of designing survey forms using XLSForm, collecting data using ODK Collect, and managing forms, submissions, users, and other...

After the AI Liability Directive: Civil Liability for Healthcare AI and the Limits of EU Risk Regulation

Abstract Following the withdrawal of the proposed AI Liability Directive in 2025, claims concerning harm caused by healthcare AI continue to be addressed through product liability, national medical liability and sectoral regulation. This article analyses that architecture through...