Institute of Geology and Geophysics

Position of the Lhasa Terrane and Two‐Stage Crustal Shortening During the India–Asia Collision

Abstract The paleolatitudinal change of the Lhasa Terrane is critical for estimating the timing of the India–Asia collision and associated syn‐to post‐collisional crustal shortening, but its paleoposition is highly debated. Here we present integrated geochronologic and paleomagne...

High‐Resolution Temperature and Precipitation Variability in Northeast Asia Since the Last Glacial Maximum Recorded in an Annually Laminated Maar Lake

Abstract Temperature and precipitation variability in monsoonal Asia is central to understanding regional climate dynamics and global teleconnections. How post‐LGM warming and hydroclimate change unfolded in Northeast Asia, and how they were linked to external forcing, remain poo...

A buckling stagnant slab observed inside the mantle transition zone

Subducting lithosphere is a primary driver of plate tectonics. Seismic tomography shows that some slabs are stagnant in the mantle transition zone (MTZ), and it is debated why they do not continue directly across the MTZ base ( d 660). Here we demonstrate by seismic Receiver Func...

A survey of the reconnection layer around Mercury’s magnetopause

An anomalous reconnection layer (ARL) forms in the Earth’s magnetosheath near the magnetopause when the solar wind has a low Alfvén Mach number. This ARL structure is similar to a magnetic reconnection outflow region and is characterized by a weaker total magnetic field and a hig...

A novel energy evolution-based method for brittleness evaluation of shale considering the deformation and failure process

Accurate evaluation of shale brittleness is critical for optimizing hydraulic fracturing design and predicting well productivity in shale gas development. Current brittleness indices often fail to comprehensively characterize rock brittleness throughout the deformation and failur...

A 256-year daily rainfall record reveals multiscale rainy-season variability and emerging hydroclimatic hazard over northern East Asia

Monsoon rainy seasons shape water supply and flood hazard across northern East Asia, but their long-term variability remains poorly understood because few daily rainfall records extend beyond the instrumental era. Here, we reconstruct rainy-season onset, retreat, and duration fro...

A global spatiotemporal ionospheric prediction model based on a time–frequency mixture-of-experts mechanism

Spatiotemporal Observer (ST-Observer) is a recently proposed spatiotemporal prediction framework grounded in dynamical system theory, which outperforms many spatiotemporal prediction models on three publicly available datasets. However, through careful analysis, we found that its...

Dual Magnetite Formation Pathways in Abyssal Serpentinites From the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge

Abstract Serpentinization, which involves hydrothermal alteration of olivine and pyroxene in ultramafic rocks, generates magnetite and strongly modifies the magnetic properties of oceanic lithosphere. However, the microstructural pathways of magnetite formation and their bulk mag...

Hot-springs through time, and how to find them

Hot-springs have fascinated geologists including James Hutton for centuries. Here we synthesise data collected over timescales from centuries to days to reveal rules governing hot-springs, including where and when they occur. Data reveal waters dominantly sourced from the surface...

The Altitude Effect of Stable Isotopes in Rivers Over the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract The altitude effect of stable isotopes in river water is key to paleoelevation reconstruction, yet remains poorly quantified at regional scales due to monitoring challenges. This study compiled river water isotope data across the Tibetan Plateau and used a decision‐tree‐...

Assessment of Deterioration Characteristics of Solid Waste-Based Binder-Stabilized Laterite Under Multiple Environmental Factors Based on Micro-Drilling Resistance

Solid waste-based binder-stabilized laterite is prone to progressive deterioration under multiple coupled environmental factors in practical engineering applications. Conventional compression and direct shear tests fail to accurately characterize the gradient deterioration patter...

Response of an Artificial Filled Fracture with Varied Water Contents to Dynamic Stressing

Field observations indicate that gouge-filled faults can be weakened under dynamic stressing and further trigger earthquakes. Previous studies have qualitatively attributed such fault weakening to elevated pore pressure within fault gouges induced by seismic deformation, which re...

A Shallow‐Marine Ecosystem Before Initial Tibetan Plateau Uplift

Abstract The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau profoundly influences global atmospheric circulation, sediment transport, and biodiversity, but its pre‐uplift marine paleoenvironment remains poorly understood. Here we report the first discovery of an in situ benthic fossil assemblage...

Nuclear tests at Mt. Mantap have reactivated intraplate faults

Underground nuclear explosions typically produce short-lived seismic sequences that decay rapidly after testing ceases. By contrast, seismicity near the Punggye-ri nuclear test site at Mt. Mantap in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has persisted and intensified for years...

Persistent silicate weathering and carbon dioxide uptake in eolian drylands since the late Pliocene

Semi-arid and arid regions are largely omitted from long-term geological-scale carbon budgets due to the assumed weakness of silicate weathering. Here we reconstruct annual carbon dioxide (CO₂) consumption by silicate weathering (CO₂(SIW)) using red clay and loess–paleosol sequen...

Landslide Identification Based on Diverse Remote-Sensing Datasets and Improved Deep Learning Models

Landslides are frequent and destructive geological disasters. Accurate landslide identification is essential for post-disaster reconstruction and preventing secondary disasters. Deep learning has shown considerable potential for recognizing landslide objects from remote-sensing i...

Seismic Radial Anisotropy of the Southern Tibetan Rifts From Ambient Noise Adjoint Tomography: Basal Shear and Localized Crustal Weak Zones Promote Rifting

Abstract North–south‐trending rifts in southern Tibet record E–W extension within the Tibetan Plateau, closely linked to high gravitational potential energy from collisional thickening and northward underthrusting of the Indian lower crust. To reveal how basal shear is transmitte...

Sodium Lidar observed multiple sodium layer structures and their dynamical coupling mechanism

Abstract. On the night of 13 June 2013, the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) sodium lidar observed multiple sporadic sodium layers (SSLs) and enhanced sodium patterns (ESPs) over Hefei, China (31.8°N, 117.3°E). These structures appeared at different times, col...

Spatial Heterogeneity of Global Organic Matter Accumulation During the PETM

Abstract The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was an abrupt global warming event triggered by a massive release of isotopically light carbon. Rapid recovery from the PETM has been attributed to enhanced burial of organic matter (OM). However, the mechanisms and spatial dis...

Harmonic reverse time migration

Abstract In subsurface regions containing gas or hydrocarbons, porous rocks, fluid-saturated zones, and fracture networks, seismic waves may propagate nonlinearly, resulting in harmonic generation, waveform distortion, and even the formation of shocks. To address these acoustic n...