Indiana University Bloomington

Two C3/C4 vegetative boundaries and an expanding/contracting Chihuahuan Desert during the past 4000 yr at the Cañada Alamosa Archaeological Project Area, New Mexico

Carbon isotopic measurement (δ13C) as an indicator of C3 or C4 vegetation preserved in soil organic matter and pedogenic carbonate is an important tool for reconstructing paleoclimate. However, while δ13C values of C4 plants (−14‰) generally indicate warm-season grass, δ13C value...

Identifying Research Priorities for the Development of High-Integrity Forest Carbon Credits

Abstract In the United States, voluntary carbon markets have gained significant traction in recent years. However, many offset standards, protocols, and credit ratings have come under scrutiny from the public and investors for failing to produce real or sustainable carbon offsets...

Personal networks and cognitive health across rural-urban contexts

Abstract Objectives Prior research often reports geographic cognitive health disparities in later life, including across rural-urban contexts. Yet few studies have examined the role of personal social networks in shaping these geographic disparities. This study investigates wheth...

Psilocybin as a treatment for repetitive mild head injury: evidence from neuroradiology and molecular biology

Repetitive mild head injuries incurred while playing organized sports, during car accidents and falls, or in active military service are a major health problem. These head injuries induce cognitive, motor, and behavioral deficits that can last for months and even years with an in...

Histone H3K9 methyltransferases regulate cortical growth by coordinating heterochromatin formation and neural progenitor dynamics

DNA packaging into heterochromatin is a fundamental mechanism of transcriptional silencing, yet its role in regulating neural progenitor behavior during brain development remains poorly understood. Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3), catalyzed by the methyltransferas...

Potential Harms of Ocular and Periorbital Topical Vitamin A Application: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: Topical vitamin A derivatives (retinoids) are widely used for dermatologic and cosmetic indications and are often applied to the face and periorbital region. Although vitamin A is essential for epithelial integrity and tear film homeostasis, concerns exist regarding pote...

AI-supported extraction of functional tissue unit properties for Human Reference Atlas construction

Abstract The Human Reference Atlas (HRA) effort brings together experts from more than 25 international consortia to capture the multiscale organization of the human body—from large anatomical organ systems (macro) to the single-cell level (micro). Functional tissue units (FTU, m...

Presumptive Coverage Policies and Workers’ Compensation of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder and Other Mental Health Conditions: A Retrospective Time‐Series Study in Canada 2001–2019

BACKGROUND: The impact of presumptive coverage policies for work-related mental health disorders has not been extensively studied to date. Using data from the Association of Workers' Compensation Boards of Canada (AWCBC), our objectives were to describe the evolution of compensat...

Religiosity and the Pathway to an Ongoing Nonmarital Penile–Vaginal Sexual Relationship During the Transition to Adulthood

ABSTRACT Studies of religion and nonmarital sexual behavior often focus on the timing of sexual debut and the number of sexual partners during adolescence, limiting understanding of how religion shapes subsequent pathways into and through romantic and sexual relationships during...

Obesity and Iron Metabolism: Mechanisms, Status Assessment, and Clinical Implications

Abstract Purpose of Review Obesity reshapes systemic iron handling, yet the resulting iron phenotype is frequently misclassified at the bedside and in population studies. This review examines how excess adiposity disturbs iron metabolism and complicates iron-status assessment, wi...

A Kakeya maximal estimate for regulus strips

We prove Kakeya-type estimates for regulus strips. As a result, we obtain another epsilon improvement over the Kakeya conjecture in \mathbb{R}^{3} , by showing that the regulus strips in the \textup{SL}_{2} example are essentially disjoint. We also establish an L^{p} inequality r...

Life is a Pressure Cooker: How and Why Stress Directs Consumers to Act Unethically

Abstract Unethical consumer behavior, such as deceptive product returns, digital piracy, shoplifting, and falsifying online reviews, is a growing concern with significant economic and ethical implications. However, its psychological antecedents remain underexplored. This research...

Rationale and study design for the Social Environment and Cognitive Health in Urban and Rural Areas Study

Abstract Objective The Social Environment and Cognitive Health in Urban and Rural Areas study was designed to examine cognitive health disparities in later life. It gathers data on access to social resources, engagement in cognitively stimulating interactions, and exposure to act...

Far From Home? Accessing Everyday Places in Rural and Urban Communities

OBJECTIVES: Rural residents are believed to experience greater social isolation than their urban counterparts. This isolation is typically attributed to the structural conditions that distinguish rural communities from urban communities. In the present study, we direct attention...

Flexible Brains + Structured Bodies: A Developmental Framework for Biological and Artificial Intelligence

What are the origins of intelligence? We argue that intelligence develops when flexible, domain-general brains adapt to experiences produced by structured, domain-optimized bodies. Brains are highly plastic and can assume many possible functional configurations, whereas bodies (e...

When insects smell like plants: how sensory bias shapes insect pheromone evolution

Abstract Insects produce a vast diversity of sex pheromone compounds despite strong stabilizing selection on species-specific signals. In multiple insect lineages, these pheromones chemically resemble the volatiles produced by plants. Here, I propose that adaptation of insect sen...

Harmonizing Safety and Speed: A Human-Algorithm Approach to Enhance the FDA’s Medical Device Clearance Policy

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s 510(k) pathway allows manufacturers to gain medical device approval by demonstrating substantial equivalence to a legally marketed device. However, the inherent ambiguity of this regulatory procedure has been associated with...

From Locked Out to Opting in: How the Cures Act Reshaped Medicare Advantage Utilization for Beneficiaries With End‐Stage Kidney Disease

OBJECTIVE: To describe how the characteristics of Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) changed after the 21st Century Cures Act expanded MA eligibility, and to document accompanying changes in utilization. STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN: The 2021 C...

How Norms Depend on the Presence and Status of Observers: The Relational Contingency of Everyday Behaviors in 90 Societies

Norms are fundamental to social life, but basic questions about how they are affected by social context remain. Specifically, how do normative constraints depend on the presence and status of observers, and how do such relational contingencies vary across cultures? Using data fro...

Rapid Estimation of Global Sea Surface Temperatures From Sparse Streaming In Situ Observations

Abstract Reconstructing high‐resolution sea surface temperatures (SST) from staggered SST measurements is essential for analyzing earth system processes. However, when SST measurements are sparse, the resulting inferred SST fields are rather inaccurate. Here, we show that Sparse...