Hospital for Sick Children

Disability in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review and a single center experience

OBJECTIVES: Toward development of a pediatric IBD disability index (PIDI), we aimed to review the literature on disability in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) and to estimate disability rates in a pediatric inception cohort. METHODS: A systematic review identified stud...

Clinical Prediction With Time-Varying Predictors in Pediatric Hospital Medicine

Clinical prediction models traditionally rely on measurements obtained at a single time point to estimate risk and guide management. However, the clinical status of hospitalized children often evolves during admission, and time-varying measurements obtained over the course of hos...

Eye Findings Following Congenital Cytomegalovirus Newborn Screening

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Consensus guidelines have recommended eye examinations for all newborns with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection; however, structured ophthalmic examinations are seldom reported. Existing literature suggests ocular pathology is uncommon in cCMV,...

Contribution of Adolescent Movement Behaviours to Socioeconomic Inequalities in Adult Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Causal Decomposition in a Population-Based Cohort

Abstract Addressing unhealthy movement behaviours in adolescence could reduce socioeconomic inequalities in adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Among 6608 adolescents enrolled in the Add Health cohort (1994-1995) and followed into adulthood (2016-2018), movement behaviours (...

Five-Year Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy With Choroid Plexus Cauterization Versus Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting in Postinfectious Hydrocephalus in a Low-Income Setting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: For over 2 decades, an emerging body of data has established endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) as a viable option in the treatment of postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) in low-resource settings with similar out...

“Updates on diagnostic and prognostic molecular biomarkers of CNS tumors”

The diagnosis and classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors has undergone a paradigm shift over the past decade, evolving from a purely histology-based approach to an integrated framework that incorporates molecular and epigenetic features. This review summarizes rece...

Toward AI Virtual Cells for Hepatology: Representation, Generation, Dynamics, and Intervention in Single-Cell Models

``Single-cell and spatial atlases describe the healthy and diseased liver at high resolution, including lobular hepatocyte zonation, fibrotic macrophage-stellate niches, cholangiocyte reactions, immune remodeling, and hepatocellular carcinoma ecosystems. These maps show where cel...

A Badge-Sized Cognitive Aid and Pediatric Point-of-Care Ultrasound Integration in the Emergency Department

OBJECTIVES: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is widely taught in pediatric emergency medicine, yet achieving confident, independent bedside scanning remains difficult for many trainees. To bridge this gap between knowledge and real-time performance, we evaluated a badge-sized, we...

Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Related Hospitalizations Among Infants Receiving Nirsevimab

Importance Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization among infants. Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody that protects against severe RSV, was publicly funded for all infants in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec starting in the fa...

Biliary complications in pediatric living donor liver transplantation: An international multicenter analysis of risk and prognostic factors

Biliary reconstruction is often considered the Achilles’ heel of liver transplantation, yet risk factors and outcomes remain poorly defined, particularly in pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). This international multicenter study aims to identify predictors of bi...

Opioid limiting law and opioid prescriptions among Medicaid-enrolled survivors of childhood cancer

Abstract Background Many U.S. states have enacted opioid-limiting laws to curb the opioid epidemic, often capping opioid prescriptions at seven days. How these laws affect opioid prescribing among long-term survivors of childhood cancer remains unclear. Methods Using Medicaid cla...

Extensive and differential platinum chemotherapy mutagenesis in livers of children

Childhood cancer survivors often experience late adverse effects that may be linked to chemotherapy mutagenesis. We studied chemotherapy mutagenesis in normal pediatric tissues using duplex sequencing (NanoSeq) to enable the detection of mutations from single DNA molecules. We fo...

International consensus guidance for general population screening for islet autoantibodies to diagnose early-stage type 1 diabetes: a nominal group technique process

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that targets and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets. The incidence of type 1 diabetes is rising globally. At the clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, between 20% and 67% of children and adolescents present wit...

Insights into the Hospital Experiences of Patients and Caregivers Affected by Sickle Cell Disease in Ontario

Abstract Objectives Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a group of inherited blood disorders affecting over 6,500 people in Canada with around 3500 residing in Ontario. Despite frequent interactions with healthcare providers (HCPs), individuals with SCD face barriers such as delays, sti...

Pediatric Respiratory Failure and Support With Prolonged Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Multicenter Cohort Using the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry, 1989–2021

OBJECTIVES: To characterize outcomes in children supported with 14 days or more of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory indications. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry. SETTING: ECMO centers contrib...

Prevalence of burnout among practising anaesthesia providers: a systematic review

Summary Introduction Burnout is characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment. Anaesthesia providers are at particular risk of experiencing burnout, with implications for workforce well‐being and patient safety. We aimed to quantify...

Beyond in silico prediction: multi-omics to identify a pathogenic deep intronic HNRNPK variant in Au-Kline syndrome

Abstract Pathogenic variants in HNRNPK are associated with autosomal dominant Au-Kline syndrome (AKS, Au-Kline-Okamoto syndrome, OMIM #616580). This syndrome is characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability, hypotonia, and distinctive facial features. Despite t...

ALY688 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury via Direct Effects and Rab8a‐Dependent Extracellular Vesicles

ABSTRACT Despite advances in percutaneous coronary intervention, ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Adiponectin confers broad cardioprotective effects, motivating the development of adiponectin receptor agonists. Here, we investigat...

Public knowledge of plastic-related chemical risks and intention to reduce exposure: a secondary analysis of an international randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in plastics are linked to earlier puberty, adverse birth outcomes, and reduced cognitive function, yet public awareness of these risks remains low. We examined whether a brief educational video could increase knowledge about plas...

Nonviral delivery of chemically modified tRNA rescues nonsense mutations in cystic fibrosis

Suppressor transfer RNAs (sup-tRNAs) can rescue disease-causing nonsense mutations by promoting readthrough of premature termination codons (PTCs). Their clinical translation is limited by suboptimal activity and inefficient in vivo delivery. In this work, we combined site-specif...