Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon

An ensemble of regional CMIP3/CMIP5 wind wave scenarios for the North Sea and the Baltic Sea: a revisit

Abstract. Storms and associated marine hazards pose a environmental risks, particularly under long-term changes driven by anthropogenic climate change. This study assesses the potential impacts of future climate change on annual median and extreme wave conditions in the North Sea...

Linking molecular composition of organic aerosols to reactive oxygen species formation using an MCR-VK framework

Abstract. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) is widely implicated in adverse health effects, yet the molecular determinants of particle-level ROS formation remain poorly constrained, largely due to the chemical complexity of organi...

Effects of secondary factor VIII prophylaxis on joint and bone health in a hemophilia A mouse model

Not available.

Suppression of spectral gap and flat bands on a cuprate superconductor side-surface

Abstract Side surfaces of cuprate superconductors are expected to display a suppressed d -wave order parameter and zero-energy topological flat bands with a large density of states, making them susceptible to symmetry broken orders. Yet such surfaces have never been investigated...

Quantifying aggregation bias in marsh carbon flux estimates caused by rhizosphere oxygen heterogeneity

Oxygen (O 2 ) in marsh rhizospheres varies strongly at millimetre scales due to radial oxygen loss (ROL), re-oxidation of reduced compounds, hydrology, and sediment structure. Yet many models estimate heterotrophic (microbial) respiration at a single mean O 2 , which can bias CO...

LLM-driven design of physics-constrained constitutive models: Two agents are better than one

Abstract Developing constitutive models that capture how materials deform under load traditionally requires years of specialized expertise in continuum mechanics, machine learning, and scientific programming. Large language models (LLMs) have recently been shown to lower this bar...

Variability of internal snow properties over Antarctic late summer sea ice on different spatial scales

Snow on Antarctic sea ice strongly affects thermodynamic processes, sea ice mass balance, and microwave remote sensing, yet its spatial variability and characteristic length scales remain poorly quantified. The aim of this study is to provide a spatially extensive, layer-resolved...

A Survey and Comparison of Ocean Biogeochemistry Models in the natESM Initiative

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of contemporary ocean biogeochemistry (OBGC) models within the natESM (National Earth System Modeling) initiative, conducted by the natESM Ocean Biogeochemistry Working Group. We systematically document nine OBGC models spanning diverse...

Cryogenic Deformation Behavior of TiAl and Insights Into Embrittlement After High‐Temperature Exposure Combined With Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy of Near Surface Chemistry

This study investigates the embrittlement of TiAl after high‐temperature air exposure. The loss of room‐temperature tensile ductility persists even when tested under liquid nitrogen (−196 °C), with brittle fracture occurring at higher stress levels than typical room‐temperature f...

Hydroalcoholic extraction and carbon-coated zero-valent iron nanoparticles: Comparative valorisation routes for olive mill wastewater

This study evaluated two valorisation routes for olive mill wastewater (OMW): hydroalcoholic extraction of a crude phenolic-rich fraction and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) to produce carbon-coated zero-valent iron nanoparticles (FeC 0 NPs). Their cradle-to-gate profiles were c...

Learning-Based Methods and the Future of Numerical Ocean and Sea-Ice Modeling

The field of operational oceanography is undergoing a significant evolution with the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methods, which are complementing and, in some cases, redefining traditional numerical modeling approaches. This review explores how AI metho...

In-Context Molecular Property Prediction with LLMs: A Blinding Study on Memorization and Knowledge Conflicts

Abstract The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have expanded beyond natural language processing to scientific prediction tasks, including molecular property prediction. However, their effectiveness in in-context learning remains ambiguous, particularly given the potent...

In situ XRD reveals terephthalate incorporation and phase evolution during reconstruction of zinc/aluminium and magnesium/aluminium layered double oxides under open air

This study examined the reconstruction of calcined layered double oxides, a widely used route for introducing bulky organic anions into layered double hydroxides. The timing of guest participation during initial layer reformation or later anion exchange remains unclear. This ques...

Chemical Fingerprints of New vs Weathered Plastics: A Machine Learning Approach

Abstract Regulatory initiatives to mitigate plastic pollution face challenges in identifying microplastics and their sources. Recent advances in computational fingerprinting offer opportunities for the forensic investigation of plastic pollution sources. Here, we present an open-...

Anomalous hardening of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy deformed by high-pressure torsion

Abstract The CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was severely deformed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at temperatures ranging from 77 K to 673 K. Phase stability, microstructure and texture were investigated by diffraction of synchrotron radiation. At low HPT temperatures, the lo...

A predictive framework for friction stir extrusion of AA6061 powder: coupling thermomechanical evolution, bonding and hardness

Abstract Friction Stir Extrusion (FSE) is emerging as a promising solid-state manufacturing process for the consolidation of fragmented aluminum feedstock such as machining chips and powder, offering substantial energy savings over conventional remelting. Despite its growing rele...

Airborne measurements for investigating offshore wind farm wakes and modifications of sea state – benefits and limitations

Abstract. In the framework of the two large wind energy research projects WIPAFF and X-Wakes, crewed airborne measurements have been performed in and around wind farm clusters of the German Bight to investigate offshore wind farm wakes and associated sea-state modifications. Thes...

Organic carbon pathways across the fluvial-marine transition zone of the Mackenzie River Delta – Beaufort Sea region and implications on ocean color remote sensing

Abstract. Arctic warming and hydrological intensification are accelerating permafrost thaw and increasing the export of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) and sediments from land via rivers and shallow coastal waters into marine waters, yet the fate of these materials in deltaic and...

A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications – version four

Abstract. A global in situ dataset for validation of satellite products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, with data starting in 1996, extends to 2025, which is important for the validation of recent algorit...

Tracking air volumes for assessing the effect of urban aerosols on convective precipitation: a multi-member modeling study

Abstract. Urban emissions impact aerosol–cloud interactions and thereby modify precipitation patterns, yet whether realistic emission perturbations from a mid-sized European city produce detectable effects above internal meteorological variability in a high-background aerosol env...