Helmholtz Institute Mainz

Self-modulation of photoemission at the picosecond time scale

The pulse response of negative electron affinity GaAs photocathode over a wide range of quantum efficiencies has been measured. Low quantum efficiencies, where an intense excitation is needed, may lead to rapid dynamic change of the transport conditions on a time scale of a few p...

Observation of relativistic bond weakening in seaborgium hexacarbonyl

Abstract The seventh row of the periodic table of the elements has been completed with the discovery of the five heaviest elements from flerovium (Fl, Z = 114) through oganesson (Og, Z = 118) 1 . Chemical properties of the superheavy elements (SHE, Z ≥ 104) are unique owing to th...

Isotope- and Element-Resolved Analysis of (Trans)uranium Content of Curium Targets for Heavy-Actinide Production after Intense Neutron Irradiation in the High Flux Isotope Reactor

Abstract Curium is the heaviest element resulting from nuclear power generation and is present in spent nuclear fuel. Macroscopic amounts of transcurium elements are produced by high thermal-neutron flux irradiation of curium targets in a complex process involving many neutron ca...

Road transport of trapped antiprotons

Abstract Low-energy antiprotons confined in ultrahigh-vacuum Penning traps 1 enable precision investigations of charge, parity and time-reversal (CPT) invariance 2 to test the fundamental symmetry between matter and antimatter. These studies are driven by the search for physics b...

Messenger RNA delivery of a dual CD25/CD122 affinity-tuned IL-2 variant prolongs exposure and potentiates antitumor T cell immunity

The therapeutic potential of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in cancer treatment is limited by toxicity challenges, partly due to an unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile and unintended activation of regulatory T (T reg ) cells alongside the desired activation of CD8 + effector T cells. To se...

Exploring baryon semileptonic decays through polarization and entanglement

Abstract The unitarity of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix is a cornerstone of the standard model (SM). Precise tests of this unitarity require independent determinations of its elements, such as | V us |, which governs the transition between strange and up quarks. Curr...

In vitro metabolic signaling in two intestinal bacterial isolates: glutamate-driven transcriptional and functional reprogramming in Clostridium butyricum and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

ABSTRACT Monosodium glutamate (MSG; L-glutamate monosodium salt) is among the most widely used flavor enhancers, yet its molecular effects on gut microbial physiology remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the strain-specific transcriptomic and metabolic responses of Clostri...