Goddard Space Flight Center

The MISR Research Product Algorithm – producing global, self-consistent, pixel-level aerosol retrievals for the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer

Abstract. The MISR Research Aerosol retrieval algorithm (RA) was developed in parallel with the MISR standard operational algorithm (SA), to explore innovative retrieval ideas for possible implementation in the SA, and to provide higher-spatial-resolution results with enhanced se...

Tracking recent extremes and interannual variability of global fire emissions using a near-real-time extension to the Global Fire Emissions Database

Abstract. The Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) is widely used to quantify spatiotemporal variability and long-term trends in burned area and fire emissions, supporting assessments of fire impacts on ecosystems and atmospheric composition. GFED has historically relied on obse...

The Evolution of Low-ionization Electron Densities in Galaxies across Cosmic Epochs

Abstract We investigate the low-ionization electron density in the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies across 0 < z < 8, derived with the [O ii ] λλ 3727, 3730 and [S ii ] λλ 6718, 6733 doublets, using both deep JWST/NIRCam/grism and NIRSpec/MSA spectroscopy. Along with ancilla...

An assessment of lunar photometry in AERONET

AERONET has been acquiring direct beam lunar observations at six wavelengths from 440 to 1640 nm from most newer model T CIMEL sun-sky radiometers in the network for many years and producing a night-time AOD data set, which currently includes observations at 492 sites dating back...

Effect of Sun Glints from Ice Clouds on MODIS Data Products

This paper examines the way sun glints from horizontally oriented ice crystals that occur in clouds impact atmospheric data products provided by the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). For this, the paper presents a statistical analysis of two years of MODIS da...

The First Multi-Messenger Nova: External Shocks, TeV Photons, and Neutrinos in the Next Eruption of T CrB

Abstract T Coronae Borealis is the most compelling anticipated Galactic recurrent nova and one of the best opportunities to test whether nova eruptions can become genuine multi-messenger transients. Recent observational work on classical novae has shown that the GeV γ-ray luminos...

Precision of phytoplankton pigment analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography: an assessment of the global ocean color validation dataset analyzed by NASA

Abstract. Space-borne ocean color sensors capable of measuring phytoplankton pigments, such as chlorophyll a, have greatly expanded our understanding of oceanic biological processes. The ability to generate such measurements in a way that satisfies the requirements of climate-qua...

SWOT‐Fitted River Bathymetry for Global Hydrodynamic Models

Abstract We present a robust, global method to reconcile absolute water surface elevations (WSE) from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission with a large‐scale hydrodynamic model by iteratively correcting river bathymetry. After removing sensor and representativene...

Chiral discrimination of amino acids in meteorite and desert soil extracts via single-molecule nanogap conductance

Life on Earth uses L-amino acids and D-sugars, whereas abiotic processes produce equal abundances of both enantiomers. Detecting enantiomeric excess among molecules of biological interest has therefore been proposed as a potential biosignature for life beyond Earth. However, robu...

Towards continental-scale SWOT-based modeling of reservoir operations

The advent of reservoir models has enabled the monitoring and prediction of reservoir operations (inflow, storage, and release); however, the in situ operation data used for model parameterization is spatially scarce. In this study, we evaluate reservoir monitoring capabilities b...

Assessing ozone dynamics during the 2023 summer STAQS field campaign using synergistic observations and model simulations

NASA's Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) geostationary satellite sensor provides high temporal and spatial resolution measurements critical for monitoring air quality. During the Synergistic TEMPO Air Quality Science (STAQS) component of the 2023 AGES+ campa...

Generalized Nonlinear Bayesian Pulsar Timing with ENTERPRISE

Abstract We use the Bayesian methods in the ENTERPRISE package to examine the fully general parameterization of pulsar timing models in tandem with noise. We investigate four pulsars, PSRs J1600–3053, J2043+1711, J0740+6620, and J1640+2224, through the lens of Bayesian timing. We...

Modernizing Space Electronics Assurance: History and Lessons

Today’s sophisticated space payloads, spacecrafts, and satellites are transforming our world; technological innovation is accelerating across multiple fronts. Despite these advancements, the space electronics community faces a critical challenge as decades-old development approac...

Modeling Storm‐Time Post‐Midnight Equatorial Plasma Bubbles With SAMI3‐WACCMX: Impacts of Neutral Winds, Thermospheric Composition, and Atmospheric Waves

Abstract This study investigates the roles of neutral winds, composition and atmospheric waves in storm‐time post‐midnight equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) development using the coupled SAMI3‐WACCMX model. Simulations reveal the formation of post‐midnight EPBs extending beyond 1,50...

Evaluating spectral unmixing techniques using imaging spectroscopy data for retrieval of green, non-photosynthetic vegetation, and soil fractional cover

Estimates of fractional cover of green vegetation (GV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and soil provide valuable information about the Earth system. As the new generation of Earth visible-to-shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometers take orbit, global fractional cove...

Consistency between zonal mean stratospheric and total column ozone trends (2000–2024)

This study presents an updated assessment of stratospheric and total column ozone trends over the 2000–2024 period using six merged limb-profile datasets and six merged total ozone datasets. Long-term changes were quantified using a multiple linear regression framework that accou...

Variability of Saturn's Equatorial Zonal Winds at Cloud Level Between 2018 and 2025

Abstract Saturn's zonal wind profile at cloud level has been measured at different epochs since the Voyager 1 and 2 in 1980–81. At most latitudes, zonal winds change little over time. However, the equatorial region, between planetographic latitudes 10°N and 10°S, presents a compl...

Seasonal to decadal evolution of firn properties and impacts on hydrology of the Juneau Icefield

Alpine glaciers of Alaska are significant contributors to global sea-level rise. Most Alaskan glaciers lose mass through surface melt due to increasing atmospheric temperatures. Surface melt may be retained or run off in the snow and firn, potentially altering regional glacial hy...

Association of Picket‐Fence With Auroral Continuum Emissions

Abstract We present observations of aurora‐like “picket‐fence” emissions occurring simultaneously with broad‐band auroral continuum emission structures. The continuum structures exhibit spectral properties similar to the Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE), but a...

Estimation of auroral emission altitude in the region of the ISS magnetic footprint during a relativistic electron precipitation event observed by ISS-CALET

We report a multi-MeV relativistic electron precipitation (REP) event as observed by the CALorimetric Electron Telescope and the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image aboard the International Space Station, together with low-cost twin all-sky auroral imagers installed at Athabasca, Cana...