Geological Survey of Canada

A standardized permafrost ground temperature collection for Canada 2025

Abstract. Ground temperature is an essential variable for monitoring the thermal state of permafrost, developing models, and conducting fundamental research. However, the usability of GT data in Canada is often hampered by inconsistent file formats, a lack of metadata standardiza...

On the Discovery of the First Tetrapod Burrow from the Pennsylvanian-Age Clifton Formation, Stonehaven, New Brunswick, Canada

Reported trace fossils from the Clifton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada, are limited to a single occurrence of a temnospondyl trackway and invertebrate trackways identified in the Pennsylvanian continental strata. Our study builds on this with a description of a horizontal burro...

Integrating hyporheic exchanges into salmonid spawning habitat models—A proof of concept focusing on Atlantic Salmon in Québec, Canada

Abstract Objective Most salmonids use pool–riffle transitions for spawning. The biological explanation appears to be associated with bedform-induced hyporheic exchanges. Despite this apparent link, spawning habitat models still rely on depth, velocity, and bed material grain size...

Technical note: T c 1D – a 1D thermal and thermochronometer age prediction model

Abstract. Thermochronological data are commonly used to study the activity of geological processes over timescales of millions of years. Ages produced by thermochronological measurements, however, are non-unique and do not directly record rates of processes, which has led to the...

Opposing upper-mantle reflectivity beneath the northern Fennoscandian Shield: A possible record of multiple Paleoproterozoic subduction systems

The historical offshore BABEL seismic lines from the Bothnian Bay have played a key role in shaping interpretations of Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution within the Fennoscandian Shield. However, the legacy data from BABEL lines 2–4 have remained underutilized since their origin...

Deformation, metamorphism, and time: a multi-method approach to mid-low temperature geochronology in Precambrian cratons

Abstract This study examines the microstructural, petrological, and geochemical processes that disrupt date relationships within biotite and apatite. We combine SEM-EBSD, cold/SEM-cathodoluminescence, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS geochemical mapping, with in situ multi-system geochronology...

Response of permafrost to recent extreme warm conditions (2023-2024) in northwestern Canada

The response of permafrost to anomalously warm years is examined within the context of a multi decadal warming trend in the Mackenzie Valley and Delta regions of northwestern Canada. The effects of warm conditions in 1998, 2023, and 2024 on permafrost are compared using long term...

Tephra fall probabilistic hazard maps for VEI 3 and VEI 4 eruptions at Mt. Garibaldi (Nch’kay’) volcano, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract Following explosive volcanic eruptions, hazard from tephra fall can be widespread. Based on the geological record of past eruptions and risk to population and infrastructure, Mt. Garibaldi volcano ( Nch’ k ay’ ) in British Columbia has been assigned the highest threat ra...

Bridging the Gap Between Earth Sciences and Mechanical Engineering: A Systematic Approach to Model Ground Source Heat Pumps with Deep Boreholes

Modelling of geothermal heat pump systems rarely integrates detailed surface and subsurface components. Simplifications such as neglecting the geothermal gradient, the different geological units intersected by the systems, and/or variable building loads, are common across current...

Subsurface temperature anomalies reveal blind geothermal systems: A case study from the Aryskum Depression, South Torgai Basin, Kazakhstan

The petroliferous Aryskum Depression, located within the South Torgai Basin, Kazakhstan, comprises several grabens up to 6 km deep, separated by horsts with more than 4 km of structural relief. Spatial analysis of reported reservoir and measured bottomhole temperatures from oil a...

Comment on “Parameterizations of Clinopyroxene—Melt Trace Element Partition Coefficients” by Bédard, J. H. (2014)

Abstract A better understanding of how trace element partition coefficients vary with melt and mineral composition, temperature, pressure, oxygen fugacity and fluid composition is essential to geochemical modeling of magmatic rocks. The Nernst partition coefficient D is the ratio...

Winter sediment resuspension in a submarine canyon drives the offshore export of toxigenic Alexandrium catenella cysts

Abstract Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the toxigenic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella recur regularly in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE, eastern Canada). Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect A. catenella DNA as a proxy for cyst abundance...

Simplified modeling of the impact of lithospheric-scale geological processes on thermal histories and low-temperature thermochronometers

Abstract. Many geological processes influence or perturb the thermal state of the lithosphere. This presents a challenge for relating thermal history data modeled from thermochronometers such as apatite and zircon fission-track and (U-Th)/He dating to geological evolution, a prim...

Eruption source parameters for a Canadian mafic explosive eruption: an example from Sii Aks (Tseax) volcano

Abstract Observations from tephra fall deposits are needed to constrain input parameters used to model tephra fall hazard, but this is challenging for mafic Canadian volcanoes, which are often in remote locations. Here, we present eruption source parameters (ESPs) for the approxi...