Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

Differentiated service delivery and peer-led digital messages to strengthen health outcomes among young men and non-binary persons who have sex with men in Brazil

Despite the disproportionate burden of HIV among young men and non-binary persons who have sex with men (YMSM/NB) in Latin America, interventions among this population are scarce. We aimed to evaluate changes in health outcomes associated with a targeted intervention. Conectad@s...

Stable isotopes and metals and metalloids in the smallest Megamouth Shark (Megachasma pelagios) reported to date from the Atlantic Ocean

), likely reflecting ocean-basin-specific biogeochemical baseline and mainly organic chemical forms typical of deep-water elasmobranchs. Finally, the findings reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring in the Atlantic Ocean to expand and consolidate knowledge on the ecolog...

Institutional characteristics associated with meeting the proficiency benchmark in Brazil’s National Medical Education Assessment (ENAMED): a nationwide Bayesian hierarchical analysis

Brazil’s medical education system has expanded at an unprecedented pace, largely through policies intended to increase physician supply and reduce regional disparities. In 2025, Brazil introduced the National Medical Education Assessment Examination (ENAMED), which assesses gradu...

Upregulation of cellular exhaustion-related genes and CD4 + T cell disturbances in immunological non-responders on antiretroviral therapy

Abstract Antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV replication, but 10–40% of people living with HIV do not reconstitute CD4 + T cell counts despite viral suppression. Cellular exhaustion and alteration in the frequency of CD4 + T cell subsets are mechanisms involved in immunological...

Effectiveness of different blood anticoagulants for artificial feeding of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the laboratory

Blood feeding is an essential feature to mosquitoes' colony maintenance, once females need blood from host to mature eggs. The once used methods of feeding directly on mammals or other vertebrates have been increasingly substituted for artificial feeders using pre-collected blood...

Klebsiella pneumoniae from community-acquired infections and an urban river share antimicrobial resistance profiles and high-risk lineages but differ in virulence

Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a significant public health threat, but the relationship between community-acquired (CA) infections and environmental isolates remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether K. pneumoniae from CA infections share micr...

Vibrio repeats (VXRs) play a role in horizontal dissemination of sedentary chromosomal integron-associated antibiotic resistance genes across Vibrio species

Abstract Sedentary chromosomal integrons (SCIs) are large integrons that harbor extensive arrays of gene cassettes and constitute major reservoirs of bacterial genetic diversity. In Vibrio , SCI cassettes are flanked by species-associated attC repeats, here referred to as Vibrio...

The Role of Membranes in Tissue Regeneration Therapy: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Abstract Membranes for tissue regeneration are an indispensable class of biomaterials in regenerative medicine, serving as selective barriers and matrices for the reconstruction of various tissues. Essential characteristics for the clinical success of a biomaterial include its bi...

Repurposing the Insecticide Flufenerim, the Only Anti- Cryptococcus Compound Identified in the MMV Global Health Priority Box, as a Candidate for the Environmental Control of the Cryptococcosis Agents

Abstract Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are environmental fungi that cause cryptococcosis, a severe, life-threatening infection, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Current treatments are limited by toxicity, restricted availability, and the emergence...

The Impact of PICU Diaries on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Psychological Distress in Parents of Critically Ill Children Admitted to PICUs: A Randomized Cluster Crossover Trial

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess the effect of using diaries during hospitalization in a PICU on the occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychologic distress among family members of critically ill children. DESIGN: A two-arm, two-period, cluster-randomized...

Molecular and Histopathological Findings of Giardia duodenalis in Rodents and Bats from the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado of Southeastern Brazil

Giardia duodenalis is a globally distributed intestinal protozoan infecting humans and animals. This study investigated its occurrence, genetic diversity, and histopathological findings in rodents and bats from the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado of southeastern Brazil. A total of 51...

Assessment of pMDI inhaler technique in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) technique among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their caregivers, and identify associated clinical and socioeconomic factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 146 CF patients (≤ 18 years) followed...

Novel Synthetic Chalcones Display Potent Anti- Leishmania ( Viannia ) braziliensis Profile and Inhibit Proteolytic Activities

Abstract American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis, primarily caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, remains a major public health challenge in Latin America. The variable efficacy and toxicity of pentavalent antimonials underscore the urgent need for new therapeutic candidates. A...

Electroretinographic assessment of retinal function in preterm infants using the RETeval™ device: a proposal for reference data

Abstract Purpose To establish age-adjusted flicker ERG reference values in premature infants through serial recordings, aiming to characterize retinal functional maturation and support diagnostic interpretation in retinopathy of prematurity screening. Methods This prospective lon...

Molecular and metabolic drivers of oil quality and bioenergy potential in Jatropha curcas

Abstract Main conclusion Combining biochemical, molecular, and multivariate analyses identified candidate signatures and L10P41 as a promising bioenergy ideotype, supporting targeted selection for oil quality and bioenergy performance in Jatropha curcas . Abstract Jatropha curcas...

Chromosomal bla NDM-1 embedded within mosaic genomic islands in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 co-producing VIM-2 or KPC-2

ABSTRACT Chromosomal integration of carbapenemase genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains rare and poorly characterized. We report the genomic resolution of two extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 clinical isolates from Southern Brazil co-producing multi...

Academic achievement map: a clear cognitive route and a promising motor path

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates how executive functions, motor coordination, and oral discourse are related to academic performance in children from public schools in Rio de Janeiro. METHOD: This longitudinal study assessed 75 children at the beginning (T1) and at the end (T2)...

First Report on Metal Contamination and Associated Human Health Risks in the Smooth Butterfly Ray Gymnura cf. micrura (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae) from the Brazilian Amazon Coast

Metal accumulation in batoids reflects both environmental exposure and physiological regulation, although studies concerning this group are still scarce. The Smooth butterfly ray (Gymnura cf. micrura) is consumed in northeastern Brazil, yet information on metal contamination and...

Development of Recombinant Multi-Epitope Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Protein for Hepatitis C Diagnosis

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a major challenge to global public health, highlighting the need for accessible and reliable diagnostic tools to support large-scale screening and early detection. In this study, a recombinant multi-epitope HCV protein was designed, express...

Healthcare occupancy data as an early warning indicator of infectious disease surges in São Paulo

Early detection of infectious disease surges is critical for effective public health response, yet traditional surveillance systems often suffer from delayed reporting. Here, we investigate whether passively collected occupancy data from healthcare facilities can act as an early...