Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

HTLV infection among pregnant women attending a viral hepatitis referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) remains a neglected infection worldwide, despite its potential for severe disease and vertical transmission. In Brazil, the burden of HTLV infection among pregnant remains poorly understood, underscoring the need for updated epidemiological...

Antimicrobial resistance in Ecuador: A One Health situational analysis of governance, infrastructure, and equity gaps

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing global public health threat, undermining therapeutic efficacy and disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. In Ecuador, the situation is exacerbated by weak surveillance systems and fragmentation among the hu...

Optimizing culture-free approaches to recover high-quality Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic variation

Background. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) genomic epidemiology often relies on culturing patient sputum, a time- and labour-intensive process. Hybrid capture approaches have been successfully used to enrich Mtb DNA from complex clinical samples, yet the accuracy of variant i...

Assessment of the Performance of Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay for Chagas Disease in Dogs Using a Reference Panel of Four Chimeric Proteins

ABSTRACT Background Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (genus Trypanosoma , family Trypanosomatidae, order Kinetoplastida), that is widespread in Latin America. The main hosts are humans and other domestic mammals, including dogs and cats. Studies have iden...

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons underlie a third of cases of Chikungunya virus encephalitis or myelitis

Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is typically not life-threatening but may, in rare cases, affect the central nervous system (CNS). In three cohorts of confirmed CHIKV cases from Martinique (French overseas territory) and Brazil (patients aged 0–89 years, n = 245), 20...

Phenotypic Analysis of the Anti-T. cruzi Activity of Natural Products Obtained from Brazilian Botanical Sources

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), affects more than 6 million people worldwide, predominantly in Latin America. Current chemotherapy relies on Benznidazole (Bz) and Nifurtimox, which are associated with adverse effects and limited efficacy during chronic inf...

Increased salivary levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in patients with Crohn's disease

Background and objective Salivary cytokines can provide information about oral health and systemic diseases. We aimed to assess the salivary concentration of inflammatory cytokines in outpatients with Crohn's disease (CD) and whether the levels are modified by the presence of per...

From crisis response to everyday work: Exploring resilient capacities in health systems’ governance and frontline operations

Background This scoping review examines health system resilience, shifting the focus to beyond crisis response to include everyday adaptation, governance, and transformative capabilities in universal health systems. Objectives Describe and analyze health system resilience framewo...

First report of culturable fungi associated with the Brazilian sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon lalandii) from southeastern Brazil

Climate change and other anthropogenic environmental changes may alter fungal distributions and ecological interactions, potentially facilitating the emergence or redistribution of opportunistic fungi in marine ecosystems. These shifts raise concerns regarding microbial contamina...