Danish Meteorological Institute

Optical properties and shape-dependent retrievals of the imaginary part of the refractive index of freshly emitted Saharan dust

Abstract. Mineral dust is a major contributor to atmospheric aerosols and plays a complex role in Earth’s radiation budget. However, large uncertainties remain in quantifying its direct radiative effects (DRE), primarily due to poorly constrained absorption properties. Most estim...

Decoded Antarctic snow accumulation history reconciles observed and modeled trends in accumulation and large-scale warming patterns

Increased snow accumulation on the Antarctic Ice Sheet mitigated global sea level rise by ∼ 11 mm during 1901–2000 according to ice core reconstructions. However, in the most recent 40 years of more intense observation and warming, the trend in the Antarctic-wide accumulation rat...

Marine Heat Waves and Cold Spells – Multiple Analysis/Definitions (MHW-MAD): A Multi-Definition Global Marine Heatwave Database from Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Data

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged anomalies of warm sea surface temperature (SST) that can disrupt marine ecosystems, physical climate processes, and human coastal activities. MHW definitions vary due to different stakeholders requirements, such as ecological scientists and c...

Modelling wind farm effects in HARMONIE-AROME (cycle 43.2.2) – Part 2: wind turbine database and application to Europe

Abstract. Wind farm parameterizations (WFPs) are used to include the effects of operating wind farms on near-surface weather variables simulated by weather forecasting. In the first part of this series of papers, we implemented and evaluated two WPFs in the HARMONIE-AROME numeric...

Spurious Drifts in the ITCZ Location and Associated Atmospheric Circulation in Decadal Climate Predictions

Abstract Decadal predictions are affected by initialization shocks and drift, typically diagnosed in ocean circulation or temperature. It is not known, however, to what extent the drift can affect atmospheric dynamics. Here we investigate how the drift causes spatial shifts in th...

Fast and Scalable Air Quality Neural Emulator for High‐Resolution Predictions on Very Large Domains

Abstract This research explores the development and implementation of SIRANet, an advanced deep learning‐based emulator designed for fine‐scale air quality modeling. Leveraging the computational efficiency of neural networks, SIRANet builds upon the established SIRANE atmospheric...

On the non-linear response of Antarctic ice shelf surface melt to warming

Abstract. Surface meltwater can saturate firn, form melt ponds, and trigger hydrofracturing of Antarctic ice shelves, ultimately accelerating grounded ice flow and contributing to sea level rise. Although the response of surface melt to atmospheric warming (expressed by near-surf...

Urban heat vulnerability in a warming climate in Denmark: Projected temperature-related mortality for Copenhagen and the remaining areas

Objective We estimated future cold- and heat-related mortality for Copenhagen and remaining areas in Denmark under different warming scenarios. Methods We used nationwide historical and projected data on temperature, mortality, and population size. For 2000–2019, daily deaths wer...