Czech Academy of Sciences

Czech Women Scientists in the Course of Authoritarian and Democratic Regimes: Case Study for the Natural Sciences

Abstract Czech society continues to face challenges in increasing the representation of women in science, particularly in middle and senior management positions and in disciplines such as technical and natural sciences. This article seeks to elucidate the historical context of th...

A low-threshold mechanoluminescence platform for broadband NIR emission and obstruction-penetrating optical communication

Broadband near-infrared (NIR) luminescent materials are highly sought after for next-generation optoelectronics under dim or invisible conditions, yet simultaneously achieving broadband NIR emission, strong low-threshold mechanoluminescence (ML), and self-recoverable mechano-opti...

Retinoid biology from embryonic patterning to adult tissue homeostasis: metabolism, RAR signaling, disease mechanisms, and clinical translation

Vitamin A gives rise to functionally distinct retinoids that regulate vision, embryonic patterning, and adult tissue homeostasis. The principal endogenous transcriptional ligand, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), activates RARα, RARβ, and RARγ within RAR-RXR heterodimers; this mech...

Ichthyocotylurus erraticus Rudolphi 1809 infecting the heart of the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus Linnaeus 1758 in Lake Sevan, Armenia

Abstract Metacercariae of Ichthyocotylurus erraticus Rudolphi 1809 have historically shown high prevalence and infection intensities in Sevan whitefish Coregonus lavaretus Linnaeus 1758. However, recent data on parasite infection levels in this introduced fish species in Lake Sev...

A multiregional serosurvey of RNA virus-reactive antibodies in bats and rodents reveals the enzootic presence of flavi- and paramyxoviruses in African Pteropodidae

Bats and rodents have been identified as reservoir hosts of diverse RNA viruses that pose potential risks to humans. However, overall virus prevalence in wildlife and underlying factors determining the zoonotic potential of reservoir-borne viruses remain poorly characterized. Vir...

Transient receptor potential channel activation targets multiple stages of the schistosome parasite

Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with parasitic blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma , affects more than 250 million people worldwide. Currently, patients rely on a single medicine, praziquantel (PZQ), discovered half a century ago. To combat dru...

Unpacking enablers and disablers of transformation: Insights from Central and Eastern Europe as white spots on the global knowledge map

Calls for transformative change have become central to sustainability research and practice. However, most frameworks and empirical insights on how transformation occurs originate from Western Europe or the Global South. This uneven knowledge production leaves Central and Eastern...

Judd-Ofelt analysis of holmium-doped alumino-silicate optical glass prepared by MCVD combined with nanoparticle doping

We present a detailed Judd-Ofelt (JO) analysis of Ho3+-doped alumino-silicate optical fiber preforms in a wide range of compositions and prepared by both standard solution doping method as well as the more advanced nanoparticle doping. The absorption spectra were measured, the ab...

Judd-Ofelt analysis of holmium-doped alumino-silicate optical glass prepared by MCVD combined with nanoparticle doping

We present a detailed Judd-Ofelt (JO) analysis of Ho3+-doped alumino-silicate optical fiber preforms in a wide range of compositions and prepared by both standard solution doping method as well as the more advanced nanoparticle doping. The absorption spectra were measured, the ab...

Development of ultrafast and radiation-hard GAGG for the next-generation of High-Energy Physics calorimeters

The evolution of High Energy Physics (HEP) toward future collider experiments with High Luminosity (HL), such as the HL-LHC, requires the development of scintillating materials that combine high density, excellent radiation hardness and an ultrafast response. While Cerium-doped G...

Transcription pause and elongation regulators mediate somatic hypermutation

Somatic hypermutation (SHM) creates point mutations in the variable regions of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells to support antibody affinity maturation1. SHM is initiated by activation-induced deaminase (AID), and the single-stranded DNA substrate of this cytosine deamin...

Immunopeptidomics reveals conserved and abundant Francisella tularensis proteins as immunogenic CD4 T cell antigens in mice

Human tularemia is caused by infection with the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis . The ability of the bacterium to cause a severe pneumonic form of the disease has led to concerns in the field of biodefense and efforts to develop a vaccine. F. tularensis LVS provide...

Effects of Individual Versus Group Rearing on Life‐History Traits and Demographic Parameters of Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

ABSTRACT Scolothrips longicornis is a specialized predator of the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae , and represents a promising agent for biological control programs. Despite its importance, the effects of group rearing on its life‐history traits and population growth...

On the single-field formulation in magnetostatics

We systematically discuss the equivalence of two variational formulations of magnetostatics, in terms of magnetization and magnetic field, on the one hand, and the single-field formulation using only magnetic induction. To demonstrate that this link is stable also when the magnet...

Convection representation shapes how spectral nudging alters diagnosed land–atmosphere coupling in WRF simulations over the Carpathian Basin

The representation of land–atmosphere coupling remains a major source of uncertainty in regional climate simulations, yet the effects of routine configuration choices on diagnosed coupling are rarely isolated. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to investigate...

Convection representation shapes how spectral nudging alters diagnosed land–atmosphere coupling in WRF simulations over the Carpathian Basin

The representation of land–atmosphere coupling remains a major source of uncertainty in regional climate simulations, yet the effects of routine configuration choices on diagnosed coupling are rarely isolated. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to investigate...

Structural Characterization of the Forensic Sodium Rhodizonate Test for Lead

Abstract The forensic sodium rhodizonate test is used to detect lead in gunshot debris. Areas of interest are sprayed with a sodium rhodizonate solution followed by a tartrate buffer solution of pH 2.8, producing a deep red compound indicative of lead and other metals. A confirma...

Soil redox potential and plant species identity likely affect root-associated fungi in salt marshes

Abstract Root-associated fungi (RAF) are important for plant performance because they form beneficial, neutral, or pathogenic relationships with their hosts, thus regulating nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and overall plant fitness. At the transition from marine to terrestrial...

A small Radon–Nikodým compact space from a parametrized diamond

A compact space K is Radon–Nikodým if there is a lower semicontinuous metric fragmenting K. In this note, we show that, under ♢(non(M)), there is a Radon–Nikodým compact space of weight ℵ1 with a continuous image that is not Radon–Nikodým, which partially answers a question posed...

Cycloserine inhibits glutamate decarboxylase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

. Both cycloserine enantiomers break the internal aldimine bond between PLP and the conserved Lys277 residue, forming a previously unrecognised PLP-oxime product and subsequently inhibiting catalysis. Given that PLP-dependent enzymes are promising drug targets, understanding the...