Clinical Research Institute

Management of Type 2 Diabetes, 2026. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes convened a panel to update the consensus statement on the management of type 2 diabetes in nonpregnant adults, published since 2006 and last updated in 2022. The target audience is the multid...

What are the knowledge, use, and perceived benefits and limitations of artificial intelligence chatbots among Italian nursing students? A cross-sectional multicentre study

Exploring students’ knowledge, use, and perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots may inform strategies in the educational context. However, limited evidence is available on Italian nursing students, leaving this field largely unexplored. A cross-sectional online surve...

Association between chiropractic spinal manipulation and adverse vascular events of the head and neck: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Observational studies have raised concerns about a potential association between chiropractic spinal manipulation (CSM) and craniocervical vascular events (CCVE), including cervical artery dissection and stroke. We tested the null hypothesis of no significant...

Early versus delayed or no empagliflozin initiation after hospitalisation for heart failure in the United States: A target trial emulation

BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a foundational therapy for heart failure (HF), yet initiation is frequently delayed in clinical practice. Evidence comparing outcomes associated with early versus delayed or no initiation following hospitalisatio...

Isolation of Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids for therapeutic use: The need for fully disclosed methodology

Background Helminth therapy holds considerable theoretical promise for clinical and public health applications. Unfortunately, clinical trials have often used helminths produced using methods that are both highly variable and insufficiently described in the literature, which may...

Short-term air pollution exposure and hospitalizations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: data from the IPF-PRO Registry

Abstract Rationale While long-term exposure to ambient air pollution in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been associated with an increased risk of disease progression and mortality, the risks associated with acute exposure are less clear. Objective To determi...

Uncommon benign tumour of the scalp

A 37-year-old male (Fitzpatrick skin type III) presented with a 10-month history of an enlarging nodule on the right parietal scalp. There was a paternal history of melanoma, but no family history of similar skin lesions. Physical examination revealed an ill-defined, pink, round,...

Rehabilitation and management interventions for people with chronic musculoskeletal condition/s and mental distress: a systematic scoping review

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions and mental distress present significant challenges for rehabilitation services. Currently, mental and physical healthcare is often segregated despite growing recognition for integrative interventions. This review aimed to map o...

Redefining atrial fibrillation treatment success: patient-defined goals for arrhythmia burden and health-related quality of life

Background: Despite the use of atrial fibrillation (AF) cutoff of 30s as the standard for success in most AF clinical trials, patients consider an AF Severity Scale (AFSS) of ≤ 5 or AF duration ≤ 1 hour as treatment success. Prevalence and factors associated with these patient-de...

Decision Analysis to Inform Screening of the Young: An Interactive Newborn Screening Model

Decision analytic models that project the outcomes of population-based newborn screening compared with clinical identification can inform newborn screening policymaking. A flexible decision analytic model that could be adapted for the many and growing number of conditions being c...

Lipoprotein (a) Testing and Changes in Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Patients With ASCVD: Findings From the cvMOBIUS-2 Registry

BACKGROUND: Although the effectiveness of Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a])–lowering therapies remains under study, lipid guidelines now recommend Lp(a) testing in all adults to identify individuals who need more aggressive risk factor modification. Therefore, we evaluate contemporary patte...

Aficamten for Symptomatic Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common condition that is associated with substantial morbidity and no proven medical therapy. Whether treatment with aficamten, a cardiac myosin inhibitor, can benefit patients with this condition is unknown. METHO...

Student perceptions of the School eHealth Education Program Pakistan (eSHEPP): a qualitative study of acceptability, feasibility, and awareness of non-communicable diseases

Background: Noncommunicable diseases are a leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality, and many associated risk behaviors emerge during adolescence. In Pakistan, school health education remains limited and largely lecture-based, leaving adolescents insufficiently equipped...

Tramadol Co‐Administration with Oxycodone or Hydrocodone Increases Opioid Burden without Improving Postoperative Pain Control

Tramadol is frequently co-prescribed with oxycodone or hydrocodone after surgery under the assumption that its dual mechanism of action provides an opioid-sparing benefit. However, evidence supporting this practice is limited and inconsistent. We conducted a secondary analysis of...

Novel Antibodies for Managing Cachexia

Cachexia is a complex, multifactorial syndrome driven by anorexia and systemic inflammation, ultimately resulting in a catabolic state characterized by weight loss, decreased muscle mass, and impaired physical function. Many chronic comorbidities are implicated in the pathophysio...