Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

Development of a Labeled Dataset for Convection Initiation Events over China’s Central and Eastern Mainland During the Warm Season

Advances in artificial intelligence models offer promising approaches for intelligent convection initiation (CI) identification—a critical step in severe weather nowcasting—thereby driving demand for high-quality, long-term labeled datasets. Accordingly, this study develops a CI...

Impact of extreme rainstorm on the spatial distribution of population exposure in Haihe River basin in China

Abstract Based on daily rainfall data from 252 national meteorological stations in the Haihe River Basin of China during 1961–2023, rainstorm events were divided, and four characteristic variables representing the hazard index of rainstorms were statistically analyzed, including...

Contribution of Urbanization and Large‐Scale Warming to Temperature Increase From Pre‐Industrial Revolution Time to Recent Period in Central Beijing City

Abstract The annual mean Surface Air Temperature (SAT) observed during 1757–1762 in central Beijing was 3.1°C lower than that of the nearby Autonomous Weather Stations (AWS) in recent 6 years (2015–2020). The change was much larger than the averaged global warming of the past cen...

Spontaneous ChlorineGeneration via Interfacial Oxidationof Chloride by O2 on Acidic Microdroplets

Abstract Reactive chlorine species significantly influence atmospheric chemistry, yet their sources remain inadequately defined. We have discovered a spontaneous formation pathway for substantial molecular chlorine (Cl2) from the oxidation of chloride (Cl–) through interfacial ox...

Why does El Niño develop slowly but decay rapidly

El Niño events typically develop slowly but decay rapidly, yet the processes driving this phase asymmetry remain insufficiently quantified. Here we diagnose the mixed-layer heat budget over integration depths ranging from 30 to 100 m and introduce a depth-resolved diagnostic fram...

The recent enhancement of the surface melt over the Antarctic Peninsula dictated by thermodynamics

Intense surface melt and subsequent meltwater ponding are the key triggers for the disintegration of ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). Although a long-term decline in AP surface melt has been evident since the early 1990s, episodes of intense surface melt events have f...

Digital twin for city traffic emissions using deep vision and real time monitoring

Urban on-road air pollution remains a pervasive threat to public health, yet its management is fundamentally constrained by a lack of spatiotemporal precision in emission inventories. Conventional inventories rely on static, registration-based proxies that fail to capture the hig...

Advancing boundary-layer physics via Doppler wind LiDAR dynamic-thermodynamic profiling

Simultaneous, high-resolution measurements of boundary-layer dynamics and thermodynamics remain a longstanding observational challenge. We present a Doppler wind LiDAR–based retrieval that derives virtual potential temperature from TKE-budget buoyancy residuals, enabling concurre...