Batman University

Spiral Random Walk-Enhanced Puma Optimizer for Side Lobe Suppression and Null Control in Array Antenna Design

This study proposes a spiral random walk enhanced puma optimizer (SRW-PO) for array antenna design. The method preserves the hunting and ambush search structure of the classical puma optimizer (PO) while embedding two complementary mechanisms into its update process. The adaptive...

Predictive effect of symptom burden and spiritual well-being on patient empowerment in palliative care patients: a cross-sectional study

Patient empowerment is central to high-quality palliative care, yet the factors influencing a patient’s sense of control remain poorly understood. While clinical practice often focuses on physical symptoms, the impact of spiritual well-being and prior illness experience on empowe...