Bard College

Wavelength Requirements for Life Detection via Reflected Light Spectroscopy of Rocky Exoplanets

Searching for signs of life is a primary goal of the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). However, merely detecting oxygen, methane, or other widely discussed biosignatures is insufficient evidence for a biosphere. In parallel with biosignature detection, exoplanet life detection...

Beef resource intensity reflects exceptional parental feed needs that resist technological improvement

Beef is the most resource-intensive mass-consumed human food. This holds for greenhouse gas emissions, cropland, rangeland, and nitrogenous fertilizer use, and feed consumption per g meat, g protein, or calorie. Why is beef so exceptional, even compared to other meat producers li...