Allen Institute for Brain Science

Efficacy and safety of fenfluramine in Dravet syndrome: The impact of patient clinical characteristics

Abstract Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of fenfluramine in patients with Dravet syndrome (DS) stratified by age, number of previously attempted antiseizure medications (ASMs), and SCN1A pathogenic variant status. Methods In this post hoc analysis, data from three ran...

The perils of omitting omissions when modeling evidence accumulation

Response deadlines are commonly imposed in decision-making research to incentivize speedy decisions and sustained attention. This procedure frequently leads to a proportion of trials in which no response is made, and these omissions are often simply removed from the data during a...

PD-1 regulates CD4+ T cell-mediated CD8+ T cell responses in the brain to balance viral control and neuroinflammation

Abstract Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed by T cells during progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a life-threatening brain disease caused by the human-only JC polyomavirus. Why PD-1 blockade finds variable success in PML patients is unclear. Brain C...

Diagnostic Accuracy of APTw and NOEw MRI Metrics for IDH Mutation and 1p/19q Codeletion Prediction in Gliomas

ABSTRACT Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q codeletion are key molecular markers for glioma classification. Amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) and nuclear Overhauser effect–weighted (NOEw) markers showed promise for glioma characterization, by probing protein‐r...

Terminology for describing the 24-h cycle of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep: a scoping review

Abstract Background Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep are three behaviours which occupy the 24-h cycle and interact to influence a multitude of health outcomes. Different terms are currently used to describe these behaviours collectively (e.g., movement behaviours...

The HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate moderately enhances long-term fear extinction memory retrieval in humans

Fear extinction and its persistence depend on epigenetic modifications, which can be potentiated by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Butyrate (NaBu), a short-chain fatty acid and endogenous HDACi, promotes persistent fear extinction in rodent models by increasing histone...

Effects of motion and white matter hyperintensities on reference region based ¹⁸F-SynVesT-1 PET quantification in Alzheimer’s disease and healthy volunteers

18 F-SynVesT-1 is a PET tracer targeting synaptic vesicle protein 2A, a surrogate marker of synaptic density. Simplified quantification using pseudo-reference regions such as the centrum semiovale (CSO) or whole cerebellum (CER) has previously been validated in healthy volunteers...

3D Radiomic Texture Analysis of Quantitative Muscle MRI Enhances the Distinction Between Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 and Charcot–Marie‐Tooth Neuropathy Type 1A : A Proof‐of‐Concept Study

BACKGROUND: Differentiating myogenic from neurogenic neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) can be clinically challenging. While quantitative muscle MRI (qMRI) with proton density fat fraction (PDFF,%) quantifies fat replacement, it misses micro-spatial patterns linked to underlying patho...

Effects of early adulthood chronic sleep disruption on late life cognition, brain pathology, and microglial reactivity in the PS19 mouse model of tauopathy

Abstract A bidirectional relationship has been proposed between sleep and Alzheimer’s disease pathology, such that disruption to sleep can lead to increases in the expression of tau or its phosphorylation. Over the long term, this can potentially lead to greater expression of neu...