Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic

Phenotype-based appropriateness of IGM-enriched polyclonal immunoglobulin use in critical illness: report of an expert consensus

Sepsis and septic shock result from a dysregulated host response to infection, encompassing both hyperinflammatory and immunosuppressed phenotypes. Although immunomodulatory adjunctive therapies have been extensively investigated over the past decades, none have demonstrated cons...

Artificial Intelligence and Sensing Technologies for Vascular Access in Hemodialysis: A Narrative Review

Vascular access performance determines the adequacy, safety, and cost of hemodialysis. Stenosis, thrombosis, cannulation difficulty, infection, and access-related cardiac stress remain major sources of morbidity. This narrative review examines artificial intelligence and sensing...

A Mechanistic Framework for Somatic Mosaicism in Autoinflammatory Diseases Beyond Mendelian Inheritance

Hereditary autoinflammatory diseases have traditionally been defined as disorders caused by germline mutations in innate immune pathway genes transmitted through Mendelian inheritance, an assumption challenged by the discovery that postzygotic somatic mosaicism can reproduce simi...

Effect Modification of Rescue Stenting in ICAS-Related Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: The Role of Thrombectomy Failure, Stenosis Severity, and ASPECTS

Rescue stenting (RS) is increasingly used for intracranial artery stenosis-related large vessel occlusion (ICAS-LVO), but optimal patient selection remains uncertain. We investigated the baseline and procedural factors associated with receiving RS and whether they modified the as...

Real-time localization of percutaneous venous drainage cannula tips for cardiopulmonary bypass: A prospective trial comparing intracavitary electrocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography

Introduction: Accurate positioning of percutaneous venous drainage cannulas in the superior vena cava (SVC) is essential to ensure effective venous return during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), particularly in minimally invasive and re-operative cardiac surgery. Transesophageal ech...

Outcomes and adverse events of postoperative stereotactic interventional radiotherapy/brachytherapy for brain metastases: a systematic review

Postoperative radiotherapy is commonly used after resection of brain metastases, but durable local control with a low rate of adverse events (AEs) remains challenging. This systematic review summarizes outcomes and AEs of postoperative stereotactic interventional radiotherapy (S-...

Atomic force microscopy in human post-mortem samples: current applications and future directions

Abstract Nanotechnologies are increasingly being explored in forensic science, including Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), a scanning probe technique capable of high-resolution surface analysis and quantitative nano-mechanical assessment. AFM can be applied to both inert materials a...

Activities and Role Perceptions of Clinical Research Nurses in Participating Italian Scientific Research Hospitals: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Survey

Background/Objective: Clinical research nurses (CRNs) support participant care and trial conduct, yet their role is inconsistently recognised and integrated in Italian Scientific Institutes for Research, Hospitalisation and Healthcare (IRCCSs). This study aimed to describe the pe...

HPV DNA Detection and Genotyping in Basal-Like Breast Carcinoma: Insights into a Possible Viral Association

Objectives: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in breast carcinogenesis, but its role remains controversial. Basal-like breast carcinomas (BLCs) share morphological and immunophenotypic features with HPV-related squamous cell cancers. This study aimed to det...

Chrono-Nutritional Disruption as a Potential Modifiable Factor in Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is characterized by marked circadian and metabolic vulnerability, but direct evidence linking the timing of food intake to its course remains sparse. This structured narrative review examines chrono-nutritional disruption, including irregular meal timing, nocturn...

Digital and computational morphology in hematology: current platforms, clinical evidence, and future requirements

INTRODUCTION: Morphologic examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow remains central to the diagnosis and classification of hematologic disorders. Conventional optical microscopy, however, is labor-intensive, dependent on operator expertise, and affected by interobserver var...

Substance Use during Pregnancy: A Retrospective Multicenter Clinical Report from Four Italian Centers

Background: Rising substance use during pregnancy is a major global health concern associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Despite growing international literature, Italian real-world multicenter data remain limited. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descripti...

Patients’ and oncologists’ perspectives on shared decision-making and treatment communication in HR+/HER2 − advanced breast cancer: a multicountry survey

Hormone receptor–positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer (BC) represents approximately 70% of all cases. In locally advanced or metastatic stages (laBC/mBC), patients’ quality of life (QoL) often worsens, making shared decision-maki...

HIV and anticholinergic burden: Towards a pragmatic stewardship algorithm

Abstract Background Multimorbidity and polypharmacy increase exposure to medications with anticholinergic properties in people with HIV. In elderly people, higher anticholinergic burden (ACB) is linked to cognitive impairment, falls, functional decline and mortality, whose risk i...

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and overlapping post-acute infection syndromes: international expert consensus framework for diagnostic standardization

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) lacks validated objective diagnostic criteria, leading to delayed diagnosis and inconsistent management. We aimed to establish an international expert consensus framework integrating measurable, risk-stratified assessmen...

Lean Mass Reduction During Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists-Induced Weight Loss: Rethinking Its Clinical Significance

The substantial weight loss achieved with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual incretin agonists has transformed the management of obesity and cardiometabolic risk. However, the accompanying reduction in lean mass has raised concerns regarding potential...

Recent advances in molecular mechanisms to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for viral diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies, yet its broader application to solid tumors, chronic viral infections, and autoimmune diseases remains constrained by antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tiss...

Long‐Term Care of OLP Patients: A Retrospective Study From a Single Hospital Outpatient Clinic

ABSTRACT Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune‐mediated disorder with malignant potential. However, its real‐world clinical course remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to describe the natural clinical–histopathological trajectory of OLP in a sing...

Topogram-based anatomical labelling of CT series: anatomy-aware CT data processing using deep learning

Abstract Objectives This study provides a Rapid Analysis and Processing of Image Data (RAPID) framework that combines deep learning-based CT topogram analysis with DICOM spatial geometry to enable reliable anatomical labelling of CT series independent of inconsistent textual meta...

Cemiplimab in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a longer follow‐up study focusing on the late toxicities

Summary Background and Objectives Cemiplimab was the first systemic therapy approved for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Patients and Methods We report findings from the Italian early access program cohort, comprising 134 patients treated with cemiplimab, with...