Agency for Science, Technology and Research

Data-driven massive reaction networks reveal mechanistic pathways underlying catalytic CO2 hydrogenation

Heterogeneous catalytic pathways for clean energy conversion involve thousands of elementary steps, but most models involve only a few dozen reactions. We combine extensive density functional theory calculations, machine learning for activation barrier prediction, and human intel...

Adversarial attacks on medical hyperspectral imaging exploiting spectral-spatial dependencies and multiscale features

Abstract Medical hyperspectral imaging (MHSI) has demonstrated considerable promise in disease diagnosis by capturing spectral-spatial information of tissues. While deep learning has substantially improved MHSI classification accuracy, its robustness remains limited due to the we...

Sleep Duration and Metabolic Biomarkers During Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study in a Multiracial Cohort

Abstract Objective: To examine associations between sleep duration and metabolic biomarkers in pregnant women. Methods: This nested case-control study involved 321 pregnant women from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth...

A spiking neural network-in-logic architecture based on reconfigurable molybdenum disulfide dual-gate transistors with ferroelectric gating

Efficient processing of high-dimensional perceptual data is a challenge in modern electronics, as neuromorphic systems typically process all input features indiscriminately, leading to excessive neuronal activation and high energy consumption. A key issue is the lack of a hardwar...

Photo‐Degradable Polyester Networks and Multi‐Photon Printed Objects Based on Cyclic Ketene Acetals

ABSTRACT Radical ring‐opening polymerization (RROP) of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) constitutes a powerful avenue to biodegradable polyesters via radical polymerization. CKA‐based degradable polymers have been established mainly as linear polymers, while networks from CKA‐based R...

Telomere variant sequences encode the genetic blueprint for allele-specific telomere length

The ends of human chromosomes are capped by specialized nucleoprotein structures, termed telomeres, which are essential for genome stability. Recent advances in long-read sequencing have enabled allele-specific telomere length measurements at nucleotide resolution, uncovering ext...

The Modular CAR: Adapting T Cells without Reengineering Them

Abstract The therapeutic potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has long been limited by the static nature of the engineered receptor; once manufactured, the cell is committed to a single antigen, unable to respond to the immune evasion and antigen heterogeneity tha...

Early adolescent self-harm: examining prevalence and risk factors in a multi-ethnic Asian birth cohort

Abstract Background Early adolescence marks a vulnerable developmental phase for the emergence of self-harm behaviours, which can potentially be life-threatening. However, the prevalence and risk factors of early adolescent self-harm, particularly in non-Western community-based p...

“Swab-and-Stain” Nanoparticle Assay for Detection of PBP2a-Expressing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Toward Point-of-Need Environmental Surveillance

Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the environment is crucial for reducing its transmission, particularly in hospitals, nursing homes, and high-contact public areas. Rapid Point-of-Need (PON) tools at healthcare facilities, without involving pro...

In-line fiber-integrated photon-pair generation from van der Waals crystals

Miniaturized quantum light sources that operate directly in optical fibers are an attractive platform for optical quantum technologies. However, most miniaturized spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) sources still rely on objective-lens-based free-space pumping and colle...

High‐Temperature Alloys in Aeroengines: Damage and Fracture Insights From Micromechanical Modeling

ABSTRACT High‐temperature alloys are the cornerstone of aeroengine hot‐section components, where extreme thermomechanical conditions give rise to intricate damage and fracture behaviors that critically limit the structural integrity of whole aeroengines. Generally, Ni‐based super...

Chemoselectivity in Diol Oxidation: Engineered Galactose Oxidases for Protection-Free Biocatalytic Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals

Contains code and structures used in the manuscript "Chemoselectivity in Diol Oxidation: Engineered Galactose Oxidases for Protection-Free Biocatalytic Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals"

Machine Learning-Based First-Trimester Antenatal Risk Prediction for Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: Multicenter Model Development Study.

Background: Maternal outcomes remain inequitable worldwide. Severe morbidity persists, and current risk assessment tools are largely arbitrary, focusing on biomedical factors while overlooking social determinants of health. There is a need for data-driven AI models to improve ear...

Beyond benchmarking: an expert-guided consensus approach to spatially aware clustering

Spatial omics technologies have revolutionized the study of tissue architecture and cellular heterogeneity by integrating molecular profiles with spatial localization. In spatially resolved transcriptomics, delineating higher-order anatomical structures is critical for understand...

Synthetic data to explore transcriptional regulation of differentially expressed genes in ovarian cancer

In major diseases like cancer, many genes are dysregulated. While differential expression (DE) analyses help identify these genes, they do not reveal the transcriptional regulatory landscape between control and disease states. Here, we developed a process-driven model based on ge...

Proteomic Profiling of Human Sweat Reveals Molecular Adaptations to Heat Acclimatization Induced by Isothermic Conditioning

Introduction: Prolonged physical exertion in hot and/or humid environments can induce physiological strain and increase the risk of heat exhaustion or exertional heat stroke (EHS). Heat acclimatization (HA) optimizes an individual’s ability to tolerate heat and is therefore widel...

Inferring tumor dependency maps from histopathology through imputed transcriptomics

Gene dependency maps from cancer cell lines define context-specific essential genes, but comparable dependencies in tumors remain largely inaccessible. This gap limits the identification of actionable therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here we present a two-stage deep learning framewor...

Atomically thin amorphous carbon with an ultralow dielectric constant

Two-dimensional (2D) materials could replace conventional electronic components. Key advances have already been made in applying 2D materials to integrated circuits, but a robust, atomically thin ultralow-k dielectric remains crucial for further circuit scaling. Minimizing parasi...

DUSP4 promotes anti-tumor CD8+ T cell function and boosts CAR-T cell efficacy in mouse colorectal cancer

The activation and function of CD8+ T cells, which are central for anti-tumor immunity, are tightly regulated by extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSP), including DUSP4, dephosphorylate serine/threonine and tyrosine residues of pr...

Gemfibrozil promotes longevity and health by restricting amino acid uptake through the Dipeptide transporter, PEPT1

The FDA-approved fibrate, gemfibrozil, has been used clinically to treat hyperlipidaemia, showing efficacy both in lowering triglycerides and increasing high-density lipoproteins. However, in recent years, the drug has been increasingly investigated for potential clinical use in...